service bus role assignment

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How to assign correct roles on Service Bus entities to Azure functions managed identity with Bicep?

I have an Azure Functions project, with a Function that uses a Service Bus binding (that is used to Listen on a subscription and to Send to a topic).

The Azure functions deployment is running under a managed identity. And as we want to deploy everything automatically, using Azure Bicep, I want to automatically give the correct role assignment on the Service Bus namespace (or entities) for that managed identity, in an Azure Bicep file.

But I don't seem to find out how to do that. Would someone be able to indicate the correct bicep snippet to create the role assignments Azure Service Bus Data Receiver and Azure Service Bus Data Sender on a Service Bus entity for a specific managed identity?

(and even better : how can I find that out for myself, knowing that I am rather new to bicep)

Best regards

• azure-functions
• azureservicebus
• azure-managed-identity
• azure-bicep

2 Answers 2

Documentation to create RBAC using Bicep can be found here . Azure built-in roles can be found here

So for ServiceBus and managed identity, you could create a module that looks like that

If you are using a user-assigned identity, you could invoke this module once the identity has been created:

If you are using a system-assigned identity, you would need to first create the function app:

• appreciated, Thomas! spot on answer –  Sam Vanhoutte Commented Jul 17, 2022 at 16:01
• 1 Here you are assigning RBAC role to the namespace itself which will get inherited to every single Queue under that namespace. Is it not possible to assign RBAC to just the Queue itself with Microsoft.ServiceBus/namespaces/queues@2022-10-01-preview? I am trying to do that but I get a validate error in Bicep. –  Oliver Nilsen Commented Apr 27, 2023 at 12:13
• Yes you should be able to do that. Just the scope of the role assignment is different. –  Thomas Commented Apr 27, 2023 at 19:10
• I get this if I do that: A resource's scope must match the scope of the Bicep file for it to be deployable. You must use modules to deploy resources to a different scope.bicep(BCP139) –  Oliver Nilsen Commented Apr 28, 2023 at 13:26
• learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/bicep/… –  Oliver Nilsen Commented Oct 30, 2023 at 14:48

If you want to assign a role at the Service Bus Topic level (or Queue level) here is how it can be done via the use of modules and the scope keyword.

The example below assigns an Azure Service Bus Sender role to a Service Bus Topic for a Web App that has been created with System Identity. The Service Bus Namespace and its child resource Topic is in a different resource group . The Web App is another resource group being deployed via the 'az deployment group' command.

main.bicep:

roleAssignments.bicep:

• 1 One issue I have is that the guid() function seems to generate a different guid for each machine it is run on. So if I'm deploying bicep on my dev box via az deployment group create then the role gets created OK the first time, and it works OK for any subsequent runs on my dev box. But then when I later deploy my bicep via Azure DevOps Pipeline, we get an error because RoleAssignmentExists. So I have to manually delete the role in the Azure Portal, and let the Pipeline create it. Which breaks it on my dev box :-( –  Matt Frear Commented Dec 14, 2023 at 1:17
• Looks like my comment above is still open at github.com/Azure/bicep/issues/5694 –  Matt Frear Commented Dec 14, 2023 at 1:26

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Azure Service Bus: Authentication with Entra, Identities, and Azure Credentials

Part 2: writing to a service bus queue using the default azure credential.

Service Bus Series - Part 2

The previous post, Part 1: Creating an Azure Service Bus and Sending a Queue Message , covered setting up a basic Service Bus namespace, creating a simple queue and publishing a message via the Azure Portal. In this next part we'll begin interacting with the Azure Resources via code in C#, dotnet 8, setup auth with Azure Entra, and use an Azure Credential to access our namespace.

Authenticating

With Azure Service Bus there's two primary ways to authenticate a client app: Credentials w/ RBAC , and a Keyed Connection String. Standard best practice is to use a Credential via the DefaultAzureCredential This allows us to ultimately leverage a Managed Identity when our app is deployed to production, keeping our secrets out of configs, out of repos, and in the safest place they can be. That said, a simple connection string with a keyed access policy is an easy way to get started, but we won't cover that further here.

Understanding the Default Azure Credential

The Default Azure Credential is a composite of many dedicated credentialing options. Among them you have Visual Studio integration, CLI tools, and many more:

EnvironmentCredential WorkloadIdentityCr eden tial ManagedIdenti tyCredent ial SharedTokenCac heCre den tial VisualStudioC r eden tial VisualStudioCodeC reden tial AzureCliCrede ntia l AzurePowerShellCreden t ial AzureDeveloper CliCrede ntial InteractiveB r owse rCred ential [1] DefaultAzureCredential - Microsoft Learn

Wow, right!? What this allows us to do is setup our local dev environment using one Credential, while our deployed app leverages the Managed Identity. The Managed Identity itself does not exist beyond Azure . That's right, any attempt to authenticate via a Managed Identity outside of Azure results in failure to reach the protected 169.254.169.254:80 token host.

Configuring our Service Bus namespace

Today, we'll focus on getting a simple local app authenticated to our Service Bus using the Visual Studio integration, but similar steps would be taken with the other user level credentialing options. We're not deploying today, so we'll table the full-fledged Managed Identity for another time, our focus is Service Bus, not Entra fun.

For reference, this is also well covered via Microsoft Learn ⇒ Quickstart - Assign roles to your Microsoft Entra user , but we'll cover a little extra so ride with me here.

Our first step is to reach the Access Control section of Service Bus. This is done by clicking 'Access Control (IAM)' on the left ribbon. Then we'll 'Add role assignment' from the '+ Add' drop down.

With the selection of Roles in view, we have three built-in Roles to choose from

Azure Service Bus Data Owner : Use this role to allow full access to Service Bus namespace and its entities (queues, topics, subscriptions, and filters) Azure Service Bus Data Sender : Use this role to allow sending messages to Service Bus queues and topics. Azure Service Bus Data Receiver : Use this role to allow receiving messages from Service Bus queues and subscriptions. [2] Azure built-in roles for Azure Service Bus | Microsoft Learn

For our purposes, choose 'Azure Service Bus Data Owner' and select 'Next' at the bottom.

Now, we'll assign access to 'User, group, or service principal' by clicking '+ Select Members'. Next, if your identity is not already seen, use the search feature to find the correct Identity, select them and then we'll click 'Select' at the bottom of the dialog.

With the identity selected, click 'Review + assign' to move onto the final step and review your choices.

During the review, ensure the scope of privilege is correct and you've chosen the correct role to assign the desired Identity. Finally, click 'Review + assign' once more:

And that's it! The chosen Identity now has the Azure Service Bus Data Owner role, granting full access to the Service Bus namespace and its entities.

With that configured, we can now start building our first app, finally some code!

App Building Time!

We're going to create a simple hosted application that authenticates with our DefaultAzureCredential and sends a single 'Hello World' message to our existing Service Bus Queue.

Preparatory; Ensure you are signed into Visual Studio with the Identity you've granted Service Bus access to.

Project Stand Up

Moving right along, create an empty .Net 8 console app to work in, any way you like is fine:

Next up we're going to need some packages:

Default Credentialing

Diving right in now, create a new class to hold our extension methods:

First to go in here will be our Credential builder, the DefaultAzureCredential will of course attempt a variety of authenticating methods until one succeeds. Typically, you'd have a local Credential and an Azure deployed Credential, but here we are simply sticking with the VisualStudioCredential attached to your sign-in. So, we'll exclude all of the Credentials we don't need:

Next to note about our credentialing is the appropriate Tenant Id. This is a bit buried in the docs, but left to its default Tenant Id the VisualStudioCredential may result in something like this:

Azure.Identity.CredentialUnavailableException: Process "..\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\Asal\TokenService\Microsoft.Asal.TokenService.exe" has failed with unexpected error: TS003: Error, TS004: Unable to get access token. 'AADSTS50020: User account '{EUII Hidden}' from identity provider ' live.com ' does not exist in tenant 'Microsoft Services'

Clearly the default Tenant here, emphasis mine, is incorrect. Following the underlying error code you'll find this ⇒ Error AADSTS50020 - ... | Microsoft Learn which isn't all that helpful in this scenario. What needs to happen is our credentialing method needs the correct Tenant Id passed to it. You can find your Tenant Id with the helpful Find tenant ID | Microsoft Learn . Simply searching for Entra will get you to the 'Default Directory', or similar in your setup, where you'll find the Tenant Id you need:

You'll take that Tenant Id and either bring it in hardcoded or, as I've done, store it in local secrets.json via Secret Manager, [3] Safe storage of app secrets in development | Microsoft Learn

With that in config, we can finish setting up our Credential:

Service Bus Container Registration

Next, we'll set up our Service Bus components in the IServiceCollection , again in our Extensions.cs

The QueueSender

Our hosted app contains a single process, it will be kicked off on app start up, send its message, and finally the app will wait for us to exit. The single process here takes the form of a simple BackgroundService that receives our configured Logger<T> and the registered ServiceBusSender . This keeps the lifetime of both the client and sender controlled via the ServiceCollection/Provider . Never insatiate a Sender per message, you will exhaust your connections and enjoy the failure.

Tying it Together - Program.cs

Finally, the app standup in our Program.cs is very minimal. We create the App Builder, add our config, setup logging, register services, build the app, and run.

Hello World!

If you've been following along, the app should kick off, and logs should roll in like the following:

With that, check your Queue and our greeting message should have arrived:

Wrap Up & Repo

We're getting a bit deeper now. We've successfully authenticated our local app with our Credential. We've setup that process in our Service Bus Access Control and properly provisioned access to our Identity. Finally, we laid a foundation for deeper and more complex interaction with our Service Bus namespace. The first question that comes to my mind; This is fine, but how would you test this? If only Service Bus offered a Docker container 🙃

Of course, all code is available on GitHub ⇒ ConcurrentFlows.AzureBusSeries

If there's anything specific you'd like covered regarding Service Bus, please drop an ask in the comments!

Accessing Azure Service Bus with Managed Identities

Posted on: 03-11-2018

On my continuing quest to rid our apps of all stored credentials, the next thing on the list is Azure Service Bus connection strings. In case you missed it, Azure Service Bus now supports Azure AD authentication ! Which means we can use Managed Identities for Azure resources to access them!

Keep in mind this feature is still in preview , and thus can be subject to changes as well as some instability.

I have already created the Web App on Azure where the app using Service Bus will run, as well as the Service Bus namespace and a queue in it.

You can find the sample code (along with samples for accessing other Azure services) in the GitHub repo . You can also see the sample running live at https://joonasmsitests.azurewebsites.net . There's a page that has a button for sending messages and another page that shows received messages over SignalR.

You can skip the first section if you are already familiar with how Managed Identities are enabled.

Enabling system-assigned identity on App Service

In this case we'll be hosting the app on an Azure Web App, which is part of App Service. And there we will enable a system-assigned managed identity . If you want to know more about these and the other type available, check out my previous article .

To enable the identity, all we need to do is:

• Open the Web App in Azure Portal
• Go to Managed service identity under Settings
• Set the switch to On and click Save

Now a service principal will be generated in the Azure AD connected to the subscription. This is the identity for our App Service that is fully managed by Azure. So next let's give it the access it needs.

Adding the needed role

To give the generated service principal access, you'll need to open the Service Bus namespace in the Azure Portal. Then you navigate to the Access Control (IAM) tab. Now add either the Contributor or Owner role to the service principal.

I recommend Contributor which has less access.

Now I have a few things I want to say about the granularity of this, but I'll save it to the end of the article.

A similar role is needed for your user account if you wish to use the same code from a local dev environment.

Sending a queue message

To interact with Azure Service Bus, we'll use the official Microsoft.Azure.ServiceBus library. In the sample app, it has been added into the .csproj as:

Next, we can implement the message sending part. To send the message we must:

• Create a token provider (built-in/custom)
• Create the queue client targeting the right SB namespace and queue, along with the token provider
• Send the message using the client

Sounds simple right? Well, honestly it is.

In the sample this function performs the needed steps:

We take a few things from configuration here. These are the Service Bus namespace name , the queue name , and the Azure AD tenant id to use (optional) . The first two locate the queue we want to use, and the last one is used optionally for local development.

You can see the code is pretty straightforward. We create a token provider and a queue client, and send a message. There is one very important thing to note though, we are using a custom ManagedIdentityServiceBusTokenProvider class. There is a built-in ManagedServiceIdentityTokenProvider in the SDK, however it did not work for me. It also does not allow specifying the Azure AD tenant id, which is important in local dev.

When running in Azure, you don't need to specify the tenant since the service principal only exists in one tenant. But when running locally, your user can be a member of multiple tenants. And if you do not specify one, it'll use the home tenant for that user. Which may or may not be correct. So it can be a good idea to specify it for local dev.

You can see the custom token provider here:

This was very straightforward to implement, just make sure you use https://servicebus.azure.net/ as the resource identifier.

And that's it! You can check out the live sample app to see it sending and receiving queue messages. The source code for the app is on GitHub .

Local development

To use the same code in local development, you may need to do a bit more setup. In both of the options I give here, a user account is used. This user must have the same Contributor/Owner role on the Service Bus namespace.

Visual Studio users can select their user account from Tools -> Options -> Azure Service Authentication . With this option you may need to specify the Azure AD tenant id to use in code. I had a problem since I was using a Guest account for authentication, and so I needed to use a different AAD tenant from the user's home tenant.

Another option is to use the az CLI . With it you need to login with your user account and ensure you login to the right Azure AD tenant. AzureServiceTokenProvider runs a command on the az CLI to get an access token as one of the options it supports. This option should work with all OSs.

Thoughts on granularity

If you've seen my previous article on Storage and Managed Identities , you may remember I liked the granular roles they made (e.g. Blob Data Reader). With Service Bus, you can only give namespace-wide access to the service.

This kind of sucks since the granularity is worse than what you could have with shared access policies (which can give specific access at namespace- or queue-level). What Service Bus needs is the granularity to allow a service to read queue messages from a single queue. Hopefully that is something that we get in the future.

Until this improves, the usefulness of Azure AD authentication support on Service Bus is limited. If you use it, keep in mind the service will have the rights to perform any management operations it wants on the Service Bus namespace.

The advantage of having no credentials in code or configuration is of course massive, and in my opinion outweighs the disadvantages of the lack of granularity.

Limitations

At the moment, there is at least one limitation:

Management operations that change the namespace topology are initially only supported though Azure resource management and not through the native Service Bus REST management interface. This support also means that the .NET Framework client NamespaceManager object cannot be used with an Azure AD account.

What it means is that you cannot, for example, create queues using NamespaceManager from the SDK. But since your service principal has Contributor access at minimum, you can create queues via the Azure Resource Management API.

I really like the direction where Managed Identities and Azure AD authentication are headed. Over the next year, we are sure to see more services enable these capabilities. And through that move closer to the possibilty of having exactly 0 credentials stored anywhere in the app. Zero credentials that you have to manage. Zero credentials that you have to protect.

It is my wish that Service Bus improves the granularity of Azure AD authentication as it is too coarse right now. But it already enables developers to remove the service bus connection strings in their apps. And I encourage you to give it a try :)

Thanks for reading!

• Official docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/service-bus-messaging/service-bus-role-based-access-control
• Sample app repository: https://github.com/juunas11/Joonasw.ManagedIdentityDemos
• Queue listener in the sample app: https://github.com/juunas11/Joonasw.ManagedIdentityDemos/blob/master/Joonasw.ManagedIdentityDemos/Background/QueueListenerService.cs

You might also like these related articles

• Azure AD Managed Service Identity
• Calling your APIs with Azure AD Managed Service Identity using application permissions
• Azure AD Authentication with Azure Storage + Managed Service Identity

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Learn to Add Role Assignment to Service Bus

• Khoday Akilesh
• Nov 09, 2023
• Other Artcile

Learn to Add Role Assignments to the Service Bus. The steps you have provided seem to outline the process for adding roles to Azure Service. This can be a crucial aspect of managing access and permissions within the Azure environment, ensuring that the right users have the appropriate level of access to the required resources. Assigning roles helps in controlling the actions that users can perform within the service.

Introduction

In this article, we will learn to add Roles to Azure Service.

Step 1. Choose Access control from the menu on the left, and then click Add on the Add a role assignment tile on the Service Bus Namespace page.

Step 2. Choose Azure Service Bus Data Sender for the role and your application for the service principal on the Add role assignment page.

Step 3. To save the role assignment, select Save on the Add role assignment page.

• Azure Service Bus
• Add Roles to Service Bus
• Service Bus
• Role Assignment

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How To Write Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Document For Your Project?

The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is the cornerstone of project success in the field of software development. It serves as the project’s compass as it progresses from the conceptual stage to a fully developed, usable software product. We will set out on a quest to demystify the art of crafting a skillfully constructed SRS document for your project in this extensive tutorial. Regardless of your level of experience in the field of software engineering, mastering the nuances of SRS authoring is essential to the successful completion of your project.

Understand Your Project Scope

Understanding your project scope is a fundamental step in the software development process, and it sets the stage for creating a successful Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document. Project scope refers to the boundaries and objectives that define what your software project will achieve. Here’s how to effectively understand your project scope:

1. Define the Project Objectives:

Begin by identifying the primary goals and objectives of your software project. What problem does it aim to solve, and what benefits will it provide? These objectives should align with the needs and expectations of your project stakeholders, including clients, end-users, and other team members.

2. Identify Stakeholders:

Make a list of every person or organization with a stake in the project’s success. The end users, developers, testers, project managers, and any other pertinent stakeholders are also included in this, in addition to the project sponsors and clients. Every stakeholder could have different viewpoints and demands that should be taken into account.

3. Conduct Stakeholder Interviews and Meetings:

Engage in discussions and meetings with your project stakeholders to gather their input. Conduct interviews and workshops to gain insights into their expectations, preferences, and constraints. Be sure to ask open-ended questions to encourage detailed feedback.

4. Document Requirements and Constraints:

As you engage with stakeholders, document their requirements, constraints, and preferences. Requirements can be classified into two categories:

• Functional Requirements: These specify what the software should do, such as features, interactions, and user interfaces.
• Non-functional Requirements: These outline how the software should perform, covering aspects like performance, security, scalability, and compliance.

Constraints may include budget limitations, time constraints, regulatory requirements, and existing technology or infrastructure limitations.

5. Clarify Assumptions:

In the early stages of the project, it’s common to have some assumptions about certain aspects. Document these assumptions and recognize that they may need further validation as the project progresses.

6. Establish Scope Boundaries:

Determine the scope boundaries by defining what is within the project’s scope and what is not. This helps prevent scope creep, which occurs when additional features or requirements are added without proper evaluation.

7. Create a Project Scope Statement:

Summarize your findings and decisions in a Project Scope Statement. This document should be concise and clearly outline the project’s objectives, deliverables, assumptions, constraints, and acceptance criteria.

8. Review and Validate:

Share the Project Scope Statement with your stakeholders for their review and validation. This step ensures that everyone is on the same page and can identify any discrepancies or misunderstandings early in the project.

9. Maintain Scope Control:

Controlling the project scope is essential throughout the whole lifespan of the project. Evaluate the effect that modifications and additional requirements will have on the project’s goals, schedule, and budget. To evaluate and approve any modifications to the scope, use a formal change management procedure.

The key to producing an effective SRS document is comprehending the scope of your project. It aids in defining what must be accomplished, who the major players are, and the parameters the project will function within. The project’s goals and needs are precisely reflected in your SRS thanks to this clarity, which creates the foundation for a successful software development journey.

Define the Document Structure

It is essential to define the document format for your Software Requirements Specification (SRS) in order to provide a detailed, well-organized blueprint for your software project. All project stakeholders may readily access and comprehend the information in the SRS thanks to a well defined structure. A typical SRS document structure is shown below:

• Introduction:
• Purpose: Explain the purpose of the document, providing an overview of what the SRS contains and its significance in the project.
• Scope: Define the scope of the software project, including what the software will and will not do.
• Audience: Identify the intended readers and users of the SRS, such as developers, testers, project managers, and stakeholders.
• Overall Description:
• Product Perspective: Describe the software’s context within a larger system or environment. Include information on existing systems or interfaces that the software will interact with.
• Product Features: Provide an overview of the major features and functionalities of the software. This section sets the stage for more detailed requirements later in the document.
• User Classes and Characteristics: Define the different user groups and their characteristics, including their roles and responsibilities.
• Operating Environment: Specify the hardware, software, and network environments in which the software will operate.
• Design and Implementation Constraints: Describe any constraints that may impact the design or implementation of the software, such as technology choices, regulatory requirements, or third-party dependencies.
• Specific Requirements:
• Functional Requirements: Detail the specific functionalities and features the software must provide. Use clear, concise language and include use cases or user stories when applicable.
• Non-functional Requirements: Outline non-functional aspects, such as performance, security, scalability, reliability, and usability. These requirements define how the software should perform and behave under various conditions.
• External Interface Requirements: Describe how the software will interact with external systems, including data exchange formats, communication protocols, and integration points.
• User Interface Requirements: Specify the design and layout of the user interface, including wireframes, mockups, and user experience guidelines.
• Quality Assurance and Testing Requirements: Define the testing criteria, test cases, and acceptance criteria that will be used to ensure the software meets its requirements.
• Include detailed use case scenarios that illustrate how users will interact with the software. Use diagrams, flowcharts, or narrative descriptions to provide a clear understanding of user interactions and system responses.
• System Architecture:
• Describe the overall architecture of the software, including components, modules, and their interactions. Use architectural diagrams or block diagrams to visualize the system’s structure.
• Data Models:
• Define the data structures, database schema, and relationships between data entities. Use Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) or data flow diagrams if necessary.
• External Interfaces:
• Provide detailed information about external interfaces, including APIs, web services, or hardware interfaces. Specify data formats, protocols, and communication methods.
• Quality Attributes:
• Detail the quality attributes or non-functional requirements, such as performance, security, and scalability. Define measurable criteria for each attribute.
• Appendices:
• Include supplementary information that supports the main content of the SRS, such as glossaries, references, or additional diagrams.
• Conclude the SRS document with a section for signatures or approvals from relevant stakeholders, indicating their agreement with the document’s contents.

By following this structured approach, you can create an SRS document that is organized, easy to navigate, and comprehensive, ensuring that all essential project requirements and details are clearly documented for successful software development.

Write Clear and Concise Requirements

Writing clear and concise requirements is essential for effective communication among project stakeholders and for ensuring that your Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document serves as a reliable guide for software development. Unclear or ambiguous requirements can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and costly revisions. Here are some tips on how to write clear and concise requirements:

• Use Simple and Precise Language:
• Express requirements in clear and straightforward language. Avoid jargon, technical terms, or overly complex sentences that can confuse readers.
• Be Specific:
• Clearly state what the software should do or achieve. Avoid vague or ambiguous phrases that leave room for interpretation. Use concrete examples and measurable criteria where applicable.
• Use a Consistent Format:
• Adopt a standardized format for expressing requirements. A common format is “The system shall [requirement]” for functional requirements. Consistency in wording makes it easier for readers to understand and reference requirements.
• Break Down Complex Requirements:
• If a requirement is complex, consider breaking it down into smaller, more manageable sub-requirements. This helps prevent confusion and allows for better traceability.
• Avoid Multiple Requirements in One Statement:
• Each requirement should address a single feature or function. Avoid combining multiple requirements in a single statement, as this can lead to ambiguity.
• Use Active Voice:
• Write requirements in the active voice, which is more direct and easier to understand. For example, “The system must generate a report” is clearer than “A report must be generated by the system.”
• Include Acceptance Criteria:
• Specify acceptance criteria for each requirement. These criteria define the conditions that must be met for the requirement to be considered satisfied. Clear acceptance criteria leave no room for interpretation.
• Avoid Negative Statements:
• Avoid negations such as “not,” “should not,” or “cannot” in requirements whenever possible. Negative statements can introduce confusion. Instead, express requirements in positive terms.
• Use Visual Aids:
• When appropriate, use diagrams, flowcharts, tables, or mockups to illustrate requirements visually. Visual aids can complement textual descriptions and enhance understanding.
• Conduct thorough reviews of your requirements with stakeholders, including developers and testers. Incorporate their feedback to improve clarity and remove any ambiguities.
• Avoid unnecessary elaboration or excessive detail in your requirements. Focus on conveying the essential information. Conciseness makes the document more readable.
• Clearly indicate the priority of each requirement, such as “Must-Have,” “Should-Have,” or “Nice-to-Have.” This helps stakeholders understand which requirements are most critical.
• Consider using requirement management tools and templates designed for writing and organizing requirements. These tools often provide guidance and best practices for clear and concise requirement writing.
• Ensure that each requirement is testable. If you cannot devise a test to verify a requirement, it may be too vague or complex and should be revised.
• If you are unsure about any aspect of a requirement, don’t hesitate to seek clarification from subject matter experts or stakeholders. It’s better to address questions upfront than to make assumptions.

Remember that clear and concise requirements are a cornerstone of successful software development. They serve as a common understanding among stakeholders, guide development efforts, and facilitate effective testing and validation. Investing time and effort into writing and maintaining clear requirements pays off in the form of reduced errors, better project management, and improved project outcomes.

Prioritize Requirements

Prioritizing requirements is a crucial step in the software development process, as it helps ensure that the most important features and functionalities are addressed first, allowing for better resource allocation and timely project delivery. Here’s a guide on how to prioritize requirements effectively:

• Identify Stakeholder Priorities:
• Begin by engaging with project stakeholders, including clients, end-users, and project team members. Gather their input on which requirements are most critical to the project’s success.
• Categorize Requirements:
• Must-Have (High Priority): Requirements that are essential for the software’s core functionality or meeting key project objectives. These are non-negotiable.
• Should-Have (Medium Priority): Important requirements that enhance the software’s functionality or user experience but are not critical for the initial release.
• Nice-to-Have (Low Priority): Desirable features or enhancements that would be valuable but are not essential for the project’s success.
• Use MoSCoW Prioritization:
• The MoSCoW method (Must-Have, Should-Have, Could-Have, Won’t-Have) is a widely-used technique for prioritizing requirements. Assign each requirement to one of these categories to clearly define its priority level.
• Apply the 80/20 Rule (Pareto Principle):
• Recognize that in many projects, a small percentage of requirements often deliver the majority of the value. Focus on identifying and prioritizing the critical few requirements that will have the most significant impact on project success.
• Consider Business Value:
• Assess the business value associated with each requirement. Prioritize requirements that align with the project’s strategic goals, customer needs, or revenue generation potential.
• Evaluate Dependencies:
• Analyze whether certain requirements are dependent on others. Prioritize requirements that need to be implemented first to enable the development of other features.
• Assess Risks:
• Identify requirements that mitigate risks or address potential issues early in the project. These requirements may take precedence to ensure project stability.
• Engage in Iterative Planning:
• Prioritization is not a one-time activity; it should be revisited regularly, especially in agile development methodologies. As the project progresses and new information becomes available, adjust priorities accordingly.
• Document and Communicate Priorities:
• Clearly document the prioritization decisions and communicate them to the project team and stakeholders. Ensure that everyone understands which requirements are top priorities.
• Maintain a record of changes to requirement priorities over time. Changes may occur due to shifting project goals, evolving user needs, or changes in market conditions.
• During project reviews, such as sprint planning or project retrospectives, revisit the priorities and make adjustments as needed based on the latest information.
• Periodically review requirement priorities with stakeholders to ensure alignment with their evolving needs and expectations.

Prioritizing requirements is an ongoing process that requires collaboration, flexibility, and a deep understanding of project goals and constraints. By focusing on the most critical requirements, you can ensure that your software project delivers value early and efficiently manages resources throughout its development lifecycle.

Include Use Cases and Diagrams

A good technique to show how the program will operate in actual situations is to include use cases and diagrams in your program Requirements Specification (SRS) document. The comprehension of system activity, interactions, and user experiences is improved by these visual aids. Adding use cases and diagrams to your SRS is done as follows:

1. Define Use Cases:

• Determine your software’s primary use cases to start. A use case depicts a particular exchange between a user (or system actor) and the computer program. Every use case often concentrates on a particular job or objective that a user wishes to complete.

2. Create a Use Case Diagram:

• Use a use case diagram to provide an overview of the system’s interactions with external actors (users, other systems, or devices) and the primary use cases. Use case diagrams use actors (represented as stick figures) and use case ellipses to illustrate these interactions.

3. Detail Use Case Descriptions:

• Use Case Name: A clear and concise name that describes the action or task.
• Description: An overview of what the use case accomplishes.
• Actors: List the actors involved, which can include users, system components, or external systems.
• Preconditions: Conditions that must be met before the use case can be initiated.
• Main Flow: Step-by-step description of the main actions or steps within the use case.
• Alternate Flows: Describe any alternate paths or exceptions that may occur.
• Postconditions: Define the conditions that indicate the successful completion of the use case.

4. Use Sequence Diagrams:

• Sequence diagrams are excellent for illustrating the interaction and order of messages exchanged between objects or actors during a specific use case. Use sequence diagrams to visualize the dynamic behavior of your system in response to user actions.

5. Employ Activity Diagrams:

• Activity diagrams can help visualize the workflow or process flow within a use case. They show how actions and decisions are connected and can provide insight into the logical flow of the software.

6. Use State Diagrams (if applicable):

• If your software involves complex state transitions, such as for a workflow or finite state machine, state diagrams can be used to represent the different states and transitions between them.

7. Include Screen Mockups or Wireframes:

• If possible, incorporate screen mockups or wireframes to visually represent the user interface (UI) elements and layouts associated with each use case. This helps stakeholders visualize the user experience.

8. Label Diagrams Clearly:

• Label diagrams, objects, and arrows clearly with descriptive names and annotations to ensure that readers can easily understand the visual representations.

9. Cross-Reference with Requirements:

• Ensure that use cases and diagrams are cross-referenced with the corresponding functional requirements in your SRS. This helps maintain traceability and ensures that each requirement is addressed by a use case.

10. Review and Validate:

• Review the use cases and diagrams with stakeholders, including users and developers, to verify their accuracy and alignment with the project’s goals and requirements.

11. Keep Visuals Updated:

• As the project progresses, make sure to update the use cases and diagrams to reflect any changes in requirements, functionality, or user interactions.

Including use cases and diagrams in your SRS document enhances its comprehensibility and provides a valuable visual representation of your software’s behavior. These visual aids serve as a bridge between textual requirements and real-world scenarios, making it easier for stakeholders to understand and validate the software’s functionality and user experience.

Review and Validate

The software development process must include reviewing and evaluating your Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document. To make sure the document correctly reflects the project’s needs, aligns with stakeholders’ expectations, and lays the groundwork for successful development, a methodical methodology is used. An instruction manual for reviewing and validating your SRS is provided below:

1. Assemble a Review Team:

• Gather a diverse group of stakeholders, including project managers, clients, developers, testers, subject matter experts, and other relevant parties. Each person brings a unique perspective to the review process.

2. Share the Document:

• Distribute the SRS document to the review team well in advance of the review meeting or session. Provide ample time for reviewers to read and analyze the document thoroughly.

3. Define Review Objectives:

• Clearly define the purpose and objectives of the review. Establish what you want to achieve, such as identifying errors, ambiguities, inconsistencies, and ensuring alignment with project goals.

4. Conduct a Structured Review:

• Choose a structured review method that suits your project, such as a Requirements Inspection, a Requirements Walkthrough, or a Peer Review. These methods provide guidelines for conducting effective reviews.

5. Use a Checklist:

• Provide reviewers with a checklist of common issues to look for, such as unclear requirements, missing information, contradictions, or deviations from standards and regulations.

6. Encourage Open Communication:

• During the review meeting or session, encourage open communication and constructive feedback. Create an environment where team members feel comfortable asking questions and sharing their insights.

7. Document Feedback:

• Record all feedback, comments, and suggestions provided by the review team. Document identified issues or discrepancies within the SRS document for future reference.

8. Prioritize Issues:

• Collaboratively prioritize the identified issues based on their severity and impact on the project. Focus on addressing critical issues first.

9. Resolve Issues and Revise:

• Work with the team to resolve the identified issues and make necessary revisions to the SRS document. Ensure that changes are tracked and well-documented.

10. Validate with Stakeholders:

• After addressing internal review feedback, validate the SRS document with key stakeholders, including clients and end-users. Ensure that their expectations align with the documented requirements.

11. Verify Traceability:

• Confirm that there is clear traceability between requirements, use cases, diagrams, and other sections of the SRS. Ensure that each requirement is adequately covered.

12. Compliance Check:

• If your project needs to adhere to specific industry standards or regulatory requirements, verify that the SRS document complies with these standards.

13. Document Review Outcomes:

• Maintain a record of the review outcomes, including the issues identified, their resolutions, and any changes made to the SRS document.

14. Final Review and Sign-Off:

• Conduct a final review with stakeholders and project sponsors to ensure their approval and sign-off on the SRS document. This formalizes their agreement with the requirements.

15. Version Control:

• Implement version control for the SRS document to track revisions and maintain a clear history of changes.

16. Document Update Process:

• Establish a process for updating the SRS document as the project progresses and evolves. Ensure that the document remains accurate and aligned with project goals.

Reviewing and validating the SRS document is an iterative process that may involve multiple rounds of feedback and revisions. It’s a critical step to ensure that the requirements are well-defined, understood, and accepted by all stakeholders, setting the stage for a successful software development project.

Maintain Version Control

Maintaining version control is a crucial aspect of managing your Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document, as well as any other project documentation. Version control helps you keep track of changes, collaborate effectively with team members, and ensure the integrity of your document throughout the software development lifecycle. Here are some key considerations for maintaining version control:

• Choose a Version Control System (VCS): Select a version control system that suits your needs. Popular VCS options include Git, Subversion (SVN), and Mercurial. Git is widely used for its flexibility and distributed nature.
• Repository Setup: Create a central repository where the SRS document and related project files will be stored. Ensure that team members have access to this repository.
• Branching Strategy: Define a branching strategy that suits your project’s needs. Common strategies include feature branches, release branches, and the main/master branch. Use branches to isolate changes and work on specific features or updates without affecting the main document.
• Commit Regularly: Encourage team members to commit their changes regularly to the version control system. Each commit should have a meaningful message that describes the purpose of the change.
• Pull Requests or Merge Requests: If you’re using Git, consider implementing a process where changes are reviewed through pull requests (GitHub) or merge requests (GitLab). This allows for peer review before changes are merged into the main document.
• Version Tagging: Use version tags or labels to mark significant milestones or releases of the SRS document. This makes it easy to track changes over time and revert to specific versions if needed.
• Documentation: Maintain clear documentation within the repository or in a separate document that outlines the version control workflow and guidelines for team members.
• Conflict Resolution: Be prepared to handle conflicts that may arise when multiple team members make changes to the document simultaneously. VCS tools provide mechanisms to resolve conflicts gracefully.
• Backup and Disaster Recovery: Implement backup and disaster recovery measures to safeguard your repository. Regularly back up your version control server to prevent data loss.
• Access Control: Manage access permissions to the repository carefully. Ensure that only authorized team members have write access, while others may have read-only access.
• Continuous Integration (CI): Consider integrating your version control system with a CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) pipeline. Automated checks can help maintain document quality and consistency.
• Change Log: Maintain a change log or release notes that document the changes made to each version of the SRS document. This provides transparency about document revisions.
• Training and Onboarding: Ensure that team members are trained in version control best practices and understand the workflow. New team members should be onboarded to the version control system.
• Regular Review: Periodically review the repository’s organization, branch structure, and access controls to ensure they align with the project’s evolving needs.

Maintaining version control not only ensures the integrity and consistency of your SRS document but also facilitates collaboration, accountability, and the ability to track changes over time. It is a fundamental practice in modern software development that helps teams manage complexity and deliver high-quality software projects.

Seek Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Seeking legal and regulatory compliance is a crucial aspect of software development, especially when dealing with sensitive data or when operating in industries subject to specific laws and regulations. Failing to comply with legal requirements can lead to legal disputes, fines, and damage to your organization’s reputation. Here are steps to help you ensure legal and regulatory compliance in your software development project:

• Identify Applicable Laws and Regulations:
• Begin by identifying the relevant legal and regulatory frameworks that apply to your software project. This may include data protection laws (e.g., GDPR), industry-specific regulations (e.g., HIPAA for healthcare), or intellectual property laws.
• Consult Legal Experts:
• Engage legal experts or consultants who specialize in the specific areas of law relevant to your project. They can provide guidance on compliance requirements and help you interpret complex legal language.
• Conduct a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA):
• If your software processes personal data, conduct a PIA to assess the potential privacy risks and identify measures to mitigate those risks. Compliance with data protection laws, such as GDPR, often requires PIAs.
• Integrate Privacy by Design:
• Implement the principles of privacy by design and security by design into your software development process. This means considering data protection and security measures from the initial design phase.
• Implement Security Measures:
• Ensure that your software incorporates security measures to protect against data breaches and cyberattacks. This includes encryption, access controls, and regular security testing.
• Document Compliance Requirements:
• Clearly document the legal and regulatory compliance requirements within your Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document. These requirements should be explicitly stated to guide development and testing efforts.
• Obtain Necessary Permissions:
• If your software involves collecting or processing data, obtain the necessary permissions or consents from users as required by data protection laws. Implement mechanisms for users to provide informed consent.
• Implement Data Retention Policies:
• Define data retention and deletion policies to ensure that data is not kept longer than necessary. This is particularly important in compliance with data protection laws.
• Regular Audits and Compliance Checks:
• Conduct regular audits and compliance checks to ensure that your software continues to meet legal and regulatory requirements as they evolve over time.
• Train your development and operational teams on the legal and regulatory requirements relevant to your software. Ensure that they understand their responsibilities in maintaining compliance.
• If your software project involves contracts or agreements with third parties (e.g., vendors, clients), have these reviewed by legal counsel to ensure they align with compliance requirements.
• Stay updated on changes to relevant laws and regulations. Legal requirements can change, so it’s crucial to adapt your software and practices accordingly.
• Develop an incident response plan in case of data breaches or legal violations. This plan should outline the steps to take to minimize damage and comply with reporting requirements.
• In some cases, seeking certification or compliance with specific standards (e.g., ISO 27001 for information security) can demonstrate your commitment to legal and regulatory compliance.
• Maintain records of your compliance efforts, including audits, assessments, and documentation of consent. Proper record-keeping can be valuable in demonstrating compliance to authorities if necessary.
• In complex or high-stakes projects, consider ongoing legal counsel engagement to ensure continuous compliance.

Compliance with legal and regulatory requirements should be an integral part of your software development process. By proactively addressing these considerations, you can mitigate legal risks and build trust with users and stakeholders.

Document Assumptions and Constraints

One of the most important steps in the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) procedure is the documentation of assumptions and restrictions. Throughout the course of the software development project, assumptions and limitations aid in setting expectations, providing context, and guiding decision-making. Following are some tips for properly capturing assumptions and constraints:

1. Distinguish Between Assumptions and Constraints:

• Assumptions: These are factors or conditions that are considered to be true, but their actual validity is uncertain or unknown. Assumptions are often made due to incomplete information or uncertainties in the project.
• Constraints: Constraints are limitations or restrictions that must be adhered to during the project. They are non-negotiable and can include budget constraints, resource limitations, regulatory requirements, and more.

2. Create a Clear List:

• Create a dedicated section in your SRS document for assumptions and constraints. Use bullet points or numbered lists to clearly enumerate each item.

3. Be Specific:

• Clearly state each assumption or constraint in specific terms. Avoid vague or ambiguous language.

4. Provide Rationale:

• For each assumption or constraint, provide a brief explanation of why it is relevant to the project. This helps stakeholders understand the reasoning behind these factors.

5. Include Dependencies:

• If an assumption or constraint is dependent on another factor or condition, clearly articulate this dependency. Understanding dependencies is crucial for effective project planning.

6. Assign Responsibility:

• Assign responsibility for managing and monitoring each assumption and constraint. This ensures that someone is accountable for addressing or mitigating these factors as the project progresses.

7. Review and Validate:

• As part of the review and validation process, ensure that assumptions and constraints are reviewed with stakeholders. Seek their input and validation to ensure that they are accurate and up-to-date.

8. Update as Needed:

• Assumptions and constraints may change over the course of a project. Regularly revisit and update this section of the SRS document to reflect any changes or new insights.
• Ensure that there is a clear connection between assumptions, constraints, and the project’s requirements. Identify how these factors may impact the fulfillment of requirements.

10. Mitigation Plans:

• For constraints that may pose challenges, consider including mitigation or contingency plans. Outline how your team intends to address these limitations to minimize their impact on the project.

11. Legal and Compliance Considerations:

• If assumptions or constraints are related to legal or regulatory compliance, ensure that they are well-documented and aligned with the legal and regulatory compliance section of your SRS.

12. Communicate Changes:

• If assumptions or constraints change during the project, promptly communicate these changes to relevant stakeholders. Transparency is essential in managing project expectations.

By documenting assumptions and constraints, you provide transparency to your project stakeholders and help manage expectations regarding potential risks and limitations. This documentation serves as a valuable reference throughout the project’s lifecycle, assisting in decision-making and risk management.

Sign-Off and Approval

Sign-off and approval are critical steps in the software development process, marking the formal acceptance and acknowledgment of project deliverables by key stakeholders. These processes ensure that everyone is aligned on project goals, requirements, and expectations. Here’s how to effectively manage sign-off and approval in your software development project:

1. Define Sign-Off Criteria:

• Before seeking sign-off, clearly define the criteria that must be met for the project or specific deliverables to be considered complete and acceptable. This may include meeting all specified requirements, passing quality assurance tests, and addressing any outstanding issues.

2. Identify Key Stakeholders:

• Determine who the key stakeholders are for the project and who holds the authority to provide sign-off and approval. This typically includes project sponsors, clients, and subject matter experts.

3. Conduct a Formal Review:

• Organize a formal review meeting or session where stakeholders can thoroughly examine the project or deliverables. This meeting should provide an opportunity for stakeholders to ask questions, seek clarifications, and review documentation.

4. Document the Review Process:

• During the review, document any feedback, comments, or concerns raised by stakeholders. Ensure that any identified issues or discrepancies are captured for further action.

5. Address Feedback:

• Collaborate with the project team to address the feedback and issues raised during the review. Make necessary revisions or improvements to align with stakeholder expectations.

6. Prepare Approval Documents:

• Create formal approval documents or forms that clearly outline what is being approved, including project milestones, deliverables, or specific features. These documents may include signatures or digital approvals.

7. Schedule a Sign-Off Meeting:

• Schedule a meeting for the formal sign-off and approval process. Present the project or deliverables to stakeholders, highlighting how feedback has been addressed and confirming that the criteria have been met.

8. Seek Sign-Off:

• During the sign-off meeting, request that stakeholders formally sign off on the project or specific deliverables. This signifies their acceptance and approval.

9. Document Approvals:

• Maintain records of all approvals and sign-offs. Ensure that the approval documents are stored securely for future reference, audits, or compliance purposes.

10. Include Legal and Compliance Considerations:

• If your project involves legal or regulatory compliance, ensure that the sign-off and approval process includes compliance checks and validation.

11. Communicate Project Milestones:

• Keep stakeholders informed about project milestones and the progress of sign-off and approval processes. Transparency in communication builds trust and understanding.

12. Escalation Process:

• Establish an escalation process in case approval is delayed or if stakeholders have unresolved concerns. Define the steps to follow in such situations to keep the project on track.

13. Formalize Acceptance:

• Once sign-off and approval are granted, formally communicate the project’s acceptance to the project team. This marks the transition from development to the next phase, whether it’s deployment, testing, or implementation.

14. Continuously Monitor:

• Continue to monitor the project and its deliverables even after sign-off and approval. Be prepared to address any post-approval issues that may arise.

Effective sign-off and approval processes are essential for project success, as they ensure that project goals are met and that stakeholders are satisfied with the outcomes. Clear documentation, open communication, and a systematic approach to these processes are key to achieving successful project sign-off and approval.

In conclusion, a crucial stage in every software development project is the process of developing a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document. The project’s whole structure is laid out in this document, which gives all parties engaged clarity, alignment, and direction. You can make sure that your SRS document properly conveys the project’s goals and needs by comprehending the project scope, creating a structured document, prioritizing requirements, writing clear and concise specifications, and using visual aids like use cases and diagrams.

Additionally, the SRS document’s inspection and validation are crucial for preserving accuracy and minimizing misconceptions. Utilizing organized review procedures and interacting with a wide range of stakeholders enables issues to be found early in the project lifecycle, reducing the need for expensive modifications and increasing project effectiveness. The SRS document is also kept current and flexible as the project develops by maintaining version control and a specified change management methodology.

In the end, the SRS document serves as a living contract that not only directs development activities but also encourages teamwork and communication between team members, clients, and end users. By lowering risks, enhancing transparency, and guaranteeing that the delivered software complies with the project’s objectives and expectations, a well-written SRS document may greatly contribute to the success of a software development project.

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Tutorial: Use identity-based connections instead of secrets with triggers and bindings

• 4 contributors

This tutorial shows you how to configure Azure Functions to connect to Azure Service Bus queues by using managed identities, instead of secrets stored in the function app settings. The tutorial is a continuation of the Create a function app without default storage secrets in its definition tutorial. To learn more about identity-based connections, see Configure an identity-based connection. .

While the procedures shown work generally for all languages, this tutorial currently supports C# class library functions on Windows specifically.

In this tutorial, you learn how to:

• Create a Service Bus namespace and queue.
• Configure your function app with a managed identity.
• Create a role assignment granting that identity permission to read from the Service Bus queue.
• Create and deploy a function app with a Service Bus trigger.
• Verify your identity-based connection to the Service Bus.

Prerequisite

Complete the previous tutorial: Create a function app with identity-based connections .

Create a Service Bus namespace and queue

In the Azure portal , choose Create a resource (+) .

On the Create a resource page, search for and select Service Bus , and then select Create .

On the Basics page, use the following table to configure the Service Bus namespace settings. Use the default values for the remaining options.

Select Review + create . After validation finishes, select Create .

After deployment completes, select Go to resource .

In your new Service Bus namespace, select + Queue to add a queue.

Enter myinputqueue as the new queue's name and select Create .

Now that you have a queue, you can add a role assignment to the managed identity of your function app.

Configure your Service Bus trigger with a managed identity

To use Service Bus triggers with identity-based connections, you need to add the Azure Service Bus Data Receiver role assignment to the managed identity in your function app. This role is required when using managed identities to trigger off of your Service Bus namespace. You can also add your own account to this role, which makes it possible to connect to the Service Bus namespace during local testing.

Role requirements for using identity-based connections vary depending on the service and how you are connecting to it. Needs vary across triggers, input bindings, and output bindings. For more information about specific role requirements, see the trigger and binding documentation for the service.

In your Service Bus namespace that you created, select Access control (IAM) . This page is where you can view and configure who has access to the resource.

Select + Add and select Add role assignment .

Search for Azure Service Bus Data Receiver , select it, and then select Next .

On the Members tab, under Assign access to , choose Managed Identity

Select Select members to open the Select managed identities panel.

Confirm that the Subscription is the one in which you created the resources earlier.

In the Managed identity selector, choose Function App from the System-assigned managed identity category. The Function App label might have a number in parentheses next to it, indicating the number of apps in the subscription with system-assigned identities.

Your app should appear in a list below the input fields. If you don't see it, you can use the Select box to filter the results with your app's name.

Select your application. It should move down into the Selected members section. Select Select .

Back on the Add role assignment screen, select Review + assign . Review the configuration, and then select Review + assign .

You've granted your function app access to the Service Bus namespace using managed identities.

Connect to the Service Bus in your function app

In the portal, search for the function app you created in the previous tutorial , or browse to it in the Function App page.

In your function app, expand Settings , and then select Environment variables .

In the App settings tab, select + Add to create a setting. Use the information in the following table to enter the Name and Value for the new setting:

Select Apply , and then select Apply and Confirm to save your changes and restart the app function.

When you use Azure App Configuration or Key Vault to provide settings for Managed Identity connections, setting names should use a valid key separator, such as : or / , in place of the __ to ensure names are resolved correctly.

For example, ServiceBusConnection:fullyQualifiedNamespace .

Now that you've prepared the function app to connect to the Service Bus namespace using a managed identity, you can add a new function that uses a Service Bus trigger to your local project.

Add a Service Bus triggered function

Run the func init command, as follows, to create a functions project in a folder named LocalFunctionProj with the specified runtime:

Navigate to the project folder:

In the root project folder, run the following command:

This command replaces the default version of the Service Bus extension package with a version that supports managed identities.

Run the following command to add a Service Bus triggered function to the project:

This command adds the code for a new Service Bus trigger and a reference to the extension package. You need to add a Service Bus namespace connection setting for this trigger.

Open the new ServiceBusTrigger.cs project file and replace the ServiceBusTrigger class with the following code:

This code sample updates the queue name to myinputqueue , which is the same name as you queue you created earlier. It also sets the name of the Service Bus connection to ServiceBusConnection . This name is the Service Bus namespace used by the identity-based connection ServiceBusConnection__fullyQualifiedNamespace you configured in the portal.

If you try to run your functions now using func start , you'll receive an error. This is because you don't have an identity-based connection defined locally. If you want to run your function locally, set the app setting ServiceBusConnection__fullyQualifiedNamespace in local.settings.json as you did in [the previous section](#connect-to-the service-bus-in-your-function-app). In addition, you need to assign the role to your developer identity. For more information, see local development with identity-based connections .

When using Azure App Configuration or Key Vault to provide settings for Managed Identity connections, setting names should use a valid key separator such as : or / in place of the __ to ensure names are resolved correctly.

Publish the updated project

Run the following command to locally generate the files needed for the deployment package:

Browse to the \bin\Release\netcoreapp3.1\publish subfolder and create a .zip file from its contents.

Publish the .zip file by running the following command, replacing the FUNCTION_APP_NAME , RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME , and PATH_TO_ZIP parameters as appropriate:

Now that you've updated the function app with the new trigger, you can verify that it works using the identity.

Validate your changes

In the portal, search for Application Insights and select Application Insights under Services .

In Application Insights , browse or search for your named instance.

In your instance, select Live Metrics under Investigate .

Keep the previous tab open, and open the Azure portal in a new tab. In your new tab, navigate to your Service Bus namespace, select Queues from the left menu.

Select your queue named myinputqueue .

Select Service Bus Explorer from the left menu.

Send a test message.

Select your open Live Metrics tab and see the Service Bus queue execution.

Congratulations! You have successfully set up your Service Bus queue trigger with a managed identity.

Clean up resources

In the preceding steps, you created Azure resources in a resource group. If you don't expect to need these resources in the future, you can delete them by deleting the resource group.

From the Azure portal menu or Home page, select Resource groups . Then, on the Resource groups page, select myResourceGroup .

On the myResourceGroup page, make sure that the listed resources are the ones you want to delete.

Select Delete resource group , type myResourceGroup in the text box to confirm, and then select Delete .

In this tutorial, you created a function app with identity-based connections.

Advance to the next article to learn how to manage identity.

Managed identity in Azure Functions

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