cv and cover letter uk

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• Careers advice
• Cover letters

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How to write a cover letter.

A cover letter introduces you to an employer and asks them to think about your application. 

It’s a short letter, usually 3 to 5 paragraphs long.

When to include a cover letter

You should always include a cover letter when you apply for a job using a CV. 

You can write it as an email if you’re applying online or print a copy to go with a paper application.

When writing a cover letter, let the employer know you’re keen by showing that you’ve researched the company. Learn more about what they do through:

• their website
• recent news articles
• talking to people you know who work there

Send it to the right person

It's important to try to address your cover letter to someone by name. Check you have the details of the person you need to send it to. 

You'll need their name and preferred title. For example, ‘Dr’, ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’, ‘Ms’, and their job title. You should also make sure you have the right company name and address, including postcode.

If you do not know their name

If the job advert does not include a name you can check the company website. Try to find details of the head of the department, head of human resources or a recruitment manager.

If you still cannot find a name, you can start your letter with ‘Dear Sir or Madam’.

Introduction

Introduce yourself and explain how you found the advertised job. You can mention the job title, and reference number if there is one. 

If you’re asking about any job openings and not applying to a vacancy, tell them what sort of job you’re looking for. Let the employer see how keen you are to work for them.

Show you're right for the job

Highlight the skills and experience you have that match what the employer is looking for. 

Convince them that you're enthusiastic about working for them. Let them know you share their work values, culture and style.

Give extra information

If you have gaps in your employment history, you could talk about the skills you gained while you were out of work.

If you’ve mentioned on your CV that you have a disability, you might want to talk more about this in your cover letter. Organisations like Disability UK can give you advice on how to do this. You do not have to mention your disability at this stage if you prefer not to.

You can get more help with specialist advice on finding work if you have a disability.

Ending your cover letter

Thank the employer for considering your application. Let them know that they can get more details from your CV, and tell them you're looking forward to hearing from them.

Let them know how they can best contact you. Make sure your contact details are correct on both your cover letter and CV.

Yours sincerely or yours faithfully

If you know the name of the person you’re writing to, you should end the letter with ‘Yours sincerely’.

If you’ve addressed the letter ‘Dear Sir or Madam’, you should end the letter with ‘Yours faithfully’.

Tips for writing a cover letter

When writing your cover letter, remember to:

• write a new one for every job you apply for and make sure it’s tailored to the company and the specific role
• use the same font and size as you do for your CV, so it looks consistent
• make sure the company name and recruiter’s details are correct
• use the right language and tone: keep it professional and match the keywords used by the employer in their job advert
• show you’ve done your research into the job and the company
• highlight your most relevant skills and experience to stand out from other applicants
• back up any statements you make with facts and use the STAR method
• double check spelling and grammar before you send it
• keep a copy of your cover letter as they may ask you about it in an interview

Related content

How to write a CV

Completing application forms

Interview tips

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Sample cover letter

Cover letters add context to your CV and when used correctly are a great way to convince employers that you're right for the job. This sample cover letter should help you get started

A cover letter demonstrates to recruiters how well you express yourself, so you need to make sure that you don't just repeat your CV or give rambling explanations. Instead, use this opportunity to focus on your skills and experience, saving your qualifications for your CV.

The basic cover letter structure covers:

• why you're writing the letter
• why you think you're suitable for the job (with examples)
• relevant skills and experience
• summary of your interest in the role.

Double check what you've written as spelling mistakes or lack of attention to detail will put your cover letter straight on the no pile.

Please be aware that this is an example. Use this cover letter template to help generate ideas and structure your own document but avoid copying and pasting. Your cover letter needs to be original and tailored to the job you're applying for.

Avril Lee 115 My Street Mytown WX55 1CQ [email protected] 07777999888

Harry Smith Graduate HR director Big Company Ltd Woodcotes Business Park The Midlands MX9 6PQ

5th May 2023

Dear Mr Smith

Re: Logistics graduate scheme

I would like to apply for the logistics track of your graduate training scheme, advertised on the Prospects.ac.uk website. As requested, I am enclosing my CV.

I am in the final year of my geography degree, expecting a 2:1. Always intending to have a career in business, I have taken modules on the geography of business and GIS modelling. My final-year dissertation is on changing patterns in retail. During my degree, I have developed my analytical skills and ability to read, manage and present data. I have also become familiar with a range of business intelligence sources.

As you can see from my CV I have experience in:

• Retail - moving from shelf stacker to checkout operator to team leader in my two years with Fresh Foods. I contributed to the store consistently being in the top five for the region by providing excellent customer service.
• Warehouse operations - picking and packing to meet targets over the busy Christmas period.

I have also:

• Worked in and led teams at Fresh Foods, on course projects and in sports.
• Communicated with colleagues at all levels in retail and warehousing.
• Solved problems as a team leader, ensuring staff cover and dealing with customer complaints.
• Worked flexibly doing both early and late shifts and covering for absence, sometimes at short notice.
• Managed my time when combining study with work and sport.

My semester in Germany exposed me to a different culture and improved my language skills. In addition, my voluntary work with young people has increased my resilience and ability to mix with people from all walks of life.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

(Sign your name here)

Find out more

• Get more information on cover letters .
• If you're applying for a job that's not advertised take a look at an example speculative cover letter .
• Learn more about the 5 things to avoid when writing a cover letter .

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80+ Free Cover Letters Examples for UK Jobs

Cover letter example to copy & paste

A general cover letter example can serve as a great starting point for your application. 

If you’re feeling stuck, check out this copyable cover letter sample that you can copy and paste to modify for your own experience. You can also change the cover letter template at any time.

Dear Mr. Smith,

I am writing to express my interest in the advertised sales position at Aspen Medical Technology. I am a sales associate with years of experience selling equipment directly to private hospitals. I believe that my skills in making contacts and building relationships in the medical industry would make me an excellent candidate for this position.

Throughout my career so far I have honed a deep understanding of how important impeccable customer service is in the medical industry. I’ve learnt to anticipate the unique challenges that hospitals and hospices face and resolve them. For instance, while working at MedTech Solutions, I proactively identified a solution to streamline our customers’ procurement process when they were considering a medical equipment purchase. This resulted in a 25% reduction in acquisition time for both new and returning customers.

Aspen Medical Technology’s expansion into Scotland came as a pleasant surprise to me. I have successfully cultivated an extensive network across the country. Through my roles at MedTech and In-Visionary Tech I have nurtured relationships with key industry stakeholders, including importers, exporters, and medical professionals. By speaking at renowned medical conferences and implementing strategic initiatives, I led my last team to double market share from 2% to 4% during my time there. I have a deep understanding of the healthcare landscape and enjoy helping my team to influence decisions and drive growth.

I would like to bring my skills in customer service, problem-solving, and relationship-building to your organisation and help increase your sales in the sector. I am confident that my track record speaks for itself, having exceeded annual sales quotas by 45% over the last two years and grown our portfolio of returning customers by 60%.

I hope that you’ll agree I would be an excellent fit for the team. I would be delighted to discuss my candidacy further with you in an interview.

Clara Forbes

Our best sample cover letters

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Perfect cover letter structure

The perfect cover letter should have a clear and organized structure to make sure it highlights why you’re the right candidate for the job. 

Here’s what you should include to impress employers and increase your chances of landing the interview:

• Header: The cover letter header is the space at the top, or sometimes the side, of your cover letter that contains your name, contact information, and any relevant links. The header serves a vital role in identifying your cover letter and helping to create an attractive presentation.
• Greeting: The greeting of the cover letter is the way you address the person who will be reading it. We recommend using the hiring manager’s name whenever possible to establish a friendly, yet professional tone.
• Introduction: The introduction consists of the opening lines of your cover letter that serve to grab the hiring manager’s attention and encourage them to read the rest of your cover letter. The introduction should also include the company name and the role for which you are applying.
• Body (middle part): The body paragraphs are the middle part of your cover letter that give you the space and flexibility to discuss your accomplishments and key qualifications for the role.
• Conclusion & sign off: The conclusion is the final sentence of the cover letter that generally includes a call to action. This sentence expresses your enthusiasm for the job and politely encourages the hiring manager to schedule an interview.

What makes a good cover letter example

A good cover letter example contains a combination of factors that work together to present you as the best possible candidate for the role. 

Remember that a cover letter sample is a starting point and should always be customised for your specific experience and the job you are applying to. In general, here are a few things to pay attention to that will make your cover letter stand out from the rest:

• The right template: An attractive cover letter is more likely to be noticed by employers. The best cover letter template is one that combines your own professional personality with the brand and image of the company you’re applying to. Our adaptable cover letter sample can serve as a reference when creating your header.  
• Proper formatting: The right formatting makes your cover letter easier to read, and in turn, keeps the hiring manager interested for longer. Read about great cover letter formatting now. Here are some dos and don’ts.
• Keep a balance of white space to text
• Use paragraph breaks and proper punctuation
• Create an attractive header at the top of the page
• Adjust the margins to cram in more text
• Go overboard with flashy colours unless appropriate in your industry
• Forget to proofread for spelling and grammar mistakes
• A customised greeting: Your cover letter greeting should use the hiring manager’s name whenever possible. If you can’t find the name of a specific person , make sure to customise the greeting for the company or team.
• A professional email address: Your email address should be a combination of your first and last name (with numbers if you have a common name). Unprofessional email addresses are a big mistake.
• Clear structure: Even though a cover letter is one of the more freeform parts of your application, it should still appear organised. Use the sections of our cover letter example above as a model for your own.
• Detailed examples: The writing of your cover letter should give concrete examples of your skills, qualifications, and accomplishments. Make sure to use numbers and statistics whenever possible.

Cover letter examples FAQs

What to write in a cover letter .

Your cover letter is an opportunity to expand on the skills and experiences described in your CV. Instead of simply repeating what’s written there, make sure to add new details and examples that are relevant for the role and will encourage the hiring manager to contact you for an interview. 

How do you start a cover letter?

There are plenty of ways to start a cover letter, including with an anecdote, a statement about your skills or passion, or your connection to the company. Check out our adaptable cover letter samples for more ideas to get you started writing your own cover letter.

What are 3 things you should include in a cover letter?

Three things that should always be included in a cover letter are:  

• Your name and contact information
• The hiring manager’s name
• The name of the company and the role for which you’re applying

How long should a cover letter be?

Ideally, a cover letter's length should be between 250-400 words. A shorter cover letter may not be able to capture your skills, while a longer one may become tiresome to read. A cover letter should always fit on one page. See our adaptable cover letter examples for details.

What are common cover letter phrases?

Every cover letter should be unique, but a few phrases you may find useful are:

• I am excited to apply for the role of (Job Title) at (Company Name).
• I am looking forward to the possibility of an interview.
• Feel free to contact me by phone or email at (Your Phone Number) or (Email Address).
• Sincerely, (Your Name)

What words should not be used in a cover letter?

We recommend avoiding “ To Whom It May Concern ” as it sounds impersonal and outdated. You should also avoid any language that sounds cold, arrogant, or entitled. Our cover letter samples can serve as an example of the right tone to use.

What does an employer look for in a cover letter?

Employers use cover letters to gauge whether you’re truly interested in the position and if you’ve understood the requirements. Make sure to consult the job description before writing your cover letter. Use our cover letter generator to align with best practices.

What is a simple example of a cover letter?

If you’re looking for a simple example of a cover letter , you’ve come to the right place! 

Here are some of our favourite simple cover letter examples:  

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Free professionally designed templates

12 CV cover letter examples

A  cover letter  for your CV, or covering note is an introductory message that accompanies your CV when applying for a job.

The purpose of the cover letter is simple… Persuade the reader to open your CV.

Learn how to write a cover letter properly, and you will hugely increase your chances of getting responses and landing job interviews.

This guide, with 12 annotated cover letter examples will show you everything you need to know about creating a winning cover note.

CV templates 

How to layout a cover letter for your CV

This annotated example of a cover letter shows you how you should structure your cover letters, and the type of information you should be including.

You should always write your CV in the body of your email (or j ob site messaging system) so that it can be read instantly. Never attach it as a separate document, or the recipient probably won’t open it.

Example CV cover letters

These 11 example CV cover letters from a range of industries should give you some good inspiration for creating your own cover letter.

Admin CV cover letter

This cover letter is aimed at administrative roles , so it highlights the candidate’s abilities in efficiency, report writing and meeting deadlines, whilst demonstrating the types of environments they have worked in.

Learn how to write a cover letter step-by-step here.

Customer service CV cover letter

This customer service cover letter briefly explains the candidate’s length of experience in the field and highlights some of the more important customer service skills such as call handling, order taking and complaint resolution.

This gives the reader an excellent introduction to the candidate and should certainly encourage them to open the CV.

See our full customer service cover letter guide,  sales assistant cover letter example  and waiter/waitress cover letter example .

Finance CV cover letter

As a finance professional, it’s important to highlight your specialisms within finance, the types of companies you’ve worked for, and high level functions you’ve carried out within your cover letter. This will give the hiring manager a good overall feel of your abilities, and if it’s well tailored to the role, should provide them with enough info to excite them about your CV.

Quick tip: Use our job application tracker spreadsheet to track your applications and follow up with employers who don’t respond.

Build your CV now 

Events CV cover letter

This events manager candidate has done a great job of summarising the type and size of events they manage, along with details of core skills such as leadership, project delivery and stakeholder management.

This certainly provides enough info to create a buzz around the CV attached and encourage the recipient to open it.

Executive assistant CV cover letter

This executive assistant CV cover letter provides a good high level intro to the candidate showing the reader key business support knowledge in areas such as admin, diary management and document management. It also shows that the candidate is confident supporting senior business figures.

Graduate CV cover letter

As a graduate , your cover letter will need to be a little longer than an experienced candidates, to compensate for your lack of experience and really sell yourself.

This candidate speaks in lots of detail about their education, qualifications, and extra-curricular work which relates to the roles they are applying for.

IT CV cover letter

As an IT candidate, it’s important not only to highlight your technical skills, but also show how you apply those skills in the workplace to translate real benefits for your employer.

This candidate gives a good overview of the candidates technical abilities and the types of projects they apply them to, along with results they achieve.

Marketing CV cover letter

This marketing cover letter provides readers with a summary of the candidate’s core marketing abilities such as media planning, brand awareness and cost reduction. It also explains the types of marketing campaigns and companies they have experience with – a great high-level intro.

Cover letter examples

Warehouse Operative cover letter – Training Contract cover letter – Cleaning Job cover letter – Nursery Assistant cover letter – Recruitment Consultant cover letter – Dental Nurse cover letter –

Chef cover letter – Editorial Assistant cover letter – Aircraft Mechanic cover letter – Biomedical Science cover letter – Cabin Crew cover letter – Finance Assistant cover letter – Hotel Receptionist cover letter – Asset Management cover letter – Assistant Psychologist cover letter – Beauty Therapist cover letter – Cafe Worker cover letter – HR Administrator cover letter – NQT cover letter – Quantity Surveyor cover letter

More cover letter examples

• Academic cover letter
• Account Manager cover letter
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• Acting cover letter
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• Administrator cover letter
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• Architecture cover letter
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• Banking cover letter
• Bar Staff cover letter
• Barclays cover letter
• Barista cover letter
• Bartender cover letter
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• Business Development Manager cover letter
• Car Sales Person cover letter
• Care Assistant cover letter
• Career Change cover letter
• Catering Assistant cover letter
• Civil Engineer cover letter
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• Consulting cover letter
• Copywriter cover letter
• Cyber Security cover letter
• Data Entry Clerk cover letter
• Data Scientist cover letter
• Delivery Driver cover letter
• Digital Marketing cover letter
• Electrician cover letter
• Engineering cover letter
• Estate Agent cover letter
• Event Manager cover letter
• Exam Invigilator cover letter
• Executive Assistant cover letter
• Fashion Designer cover letter
• Finance cover letter
• Financial Analyst cover letter
• Google cover letter
• Graduate cover letter
• Graduate Engineer cover letter
• Graduate Scheme cover letter
• Graphic Design cover letter
• Health Care Assistant cover letter
• Hospitality cover letter
• HR Assistant cover letter
• HR cover letter
• Interior Designer cover letter
• Internal Position cover letter
• Internship cover letter
• Investment Banking cover letter
• Investment Manager cover letter
• IT Support cover letter
• Journalist cover letter
• JP Morgan cover letter
• Lawyer cover letter
• Legal Assistant cover letter
• Legal cover letter
• Library Assistant cover letter
• Manager cover letter
• Marine Engineer cover letter
• Marketing Assistant cover letter
• Marketing cover letter
• Marketing Intern cover letter
• Marketing Manager cover letter
• McKinsey cover letter
• Mechanical Engineer cover letter
• Medical Receptionist cover letter
• Medical Writer cover letter
• Model cover letter
• Nanny cover letter
• Nurse cover letter
• Nursing cover letter
• Office Assistant cover letter
• Office Manager cover letter
• Operations Manager cover letter
• Optical Assistant cover letter
• Paralegal cover letter
• Part Time cover letter
• PE Teacher cover letter
• Personal Assistant cover letter
• Personal Trainer cover letter
• Pharmacist cover letter
• Pharmacy Assistant cover letter
• PHD Application cover letter
• Photographer cover letter
• Placement cover letter
• Private Equity cover letter
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• Production Assistant cover letter
• Production Operator cover letter
• Project Coordinator cover letter
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• PWC cover letter
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• Receptionist cover letter
• Research Assistant cover letter
• Researcher cover letter
• Retail Assistant cover letter
• Retail cover letter
• Retail Manager cover letter
• Sales Advisor cover letter
• Sales Executive cover letter
• Sales Manager cover letter
• Scrum Master cover letter
• Security Officer cover letter
• Ski Season cover letter
• Social Media Executive cover letter
• Social Media Manager cover letter
• Software Developer cover letter
• Software Engineer cover letter
• Speculative cover letter
• Student cover letter
• Support Worker cover letter
• Teaching Assistant cover letter
• Team Leader cover letter
• Trainee Dental Nurse cover letter
• University cover letter
• UX Designer cover letter
• Volunteer cover letter

Project manager CV cover letter

A project manager’ s cover letter needs to quickly explain to recipients the types of projects they lead and the technical expertise they bring to the projects. It’s also important to describe level of experience, seniority and background.

See full project manager cover letter example + writing guide

Operations manager cover letter

This operations management CV provides a brief introduction to the types of operations the candidate manages and the firms they work for.

They also touch upon some core operations skills such as efficiency, logistics and ROI improvement.

Sales CV cover letter

As a sales candidate, this cover letter shows the types of business this person can generate and the size and scale of the impact they create by highlighting some sales results.

It also mentions some core sales skills like business development, presenting, working under pressure and closing deals.

Cover letter templates

Teacher cover letter

This teacher cover letter does a great job of introducing the candidate, and showing the recipient the key facts they will be looking for, such as; the age group they teach, subject specialisms, and the results they have achieved.

The cover letter is brief and gets to the point quickly, so that readers will instantly look to open the attached CV .

How to write your CV cover letter

Now that you’ve seem good examples of cover letters to accompany your CV (or resume if you are in the USA) this guide will show exactly how to write your own, and the content that needs to be included .

Send your CV cover letter in email format (when possible)

When applying for jobs online you usually have 2 choices…

1) Send a message via the job website’s messaging system

2) Send the recruiter an email directly

If you can find an email address for the recruiter, then I would always recommend sending an email directly because it gives you more control.

When you send a message through a job website, it will transfer into an email with basic formatting and an auto-generated headline , which will look like this when the recruiter receives it.

If you cannot find an email address for the recruiter on the job advert, then try searching LinkedIn or the company website to find the relevant contact.

You may not always be able to find an email address, but when you can – always send a job application by email .

Make your subject line appealing

As you can see in the picture above, a bad subject line can kill your chances of actually having your email read in the first place.

Your subject line should stand out and give the recruiter a reason to open your email.

When recruiters look into their inbox, they are looking for one thing; a candidate who can do the job they are advertising – so give that to them in your subject line.

Your subject line should be a short summary of your experience that relates directly to the job you are applying for.

The following are good subject line examples;

KS2 Teacher with 5 years experience

Front End Web developer with HTML, HTML & JavaScript experience

Junior Graphic designer with 1st BA Hons Graphic Design

If your subject line shows that you have one or two of the most important requirements for the job, your email should get opened every time.

Address the recruiter by name

To get the relationship off on the right foot, you should try to address the recruiter by name if you can.

Often the recruiter’s details will appear on the job advert but sometimes you may have to check out the company website or do some digging around on LinkedIn.

If you really can’t find the name, then it’s not the end of the world – just start with a simple friendly opening like “ Hi ”

(If you applying to a more traditional organisation such as an academic post for a university, you may want to use something a bit more formal like “ Dear sir or madam ”)

Use a friendly yet professional tone

It’s important to sound professional when writing a cover letter but you also need to demonstrate your ability to communicate with other people and show some personality.

If your email is too casual and written in an over-familiar tone, then you will come across us un-professional.

But on the other hand, if your email is too formal and shows no signs of rapport building, you risk appearing as somebody who lacks social skills.

So when writing your cover letter, try to strike a nice balance of professionalism and friendliness.

Opening with a line such as “ hope you’re well ” is a nice way to breathe a bit of personality into your cover letter.

Ensure that your spelling and grammar is perfect throughout your cover letter because sloppy mistakes are a huge red flag for recruiters.

Quick tip:  If you struggle with spelling and grammar, try our quick-and-easy CV Builder

Keep it brief

Unless the job advert specifies otherwise; keep your cover letter short and sweet.

Recruiters and employers receive hundreds of job applications per week, so they don’t want to read a 2 page cover letter.

Depending on the role, around 2-4 sentences should be enough for the content of the cover letter.

You just need to write enough to persuade them to open your CV – It should roughly contain the same amount of information as your CV profile or personal statement.

Show how your skills match the job

To ensure that recruiters open your CV, you simply need to explain how your skills and experience match the job requirements from the advert.

Scan the job advert to discover what the most important candidate abilities are, and show how your previous experience has prepared you to cover these.

In particular, look out for any requirements that are essential to the job .

Focus on what you have to offer at this stage and not what you want.

At this stage, your covering letter is simply a means of getting the recruiter to open your CV, so it’s too early to talk about salary demands etc. Save that for your initial conversation with the recruiter.

Include a professional signature

End your cover letter with a friendly salutation such as “Regards” and a smart signature which includes your name and most direct contact method (usually mobile phone for most people)

A professional email signature will show recruiters that you understand business-email etiquette and ensure they have a means of contacting you – even if they can’t open your CV for any reason.

Writing a CV cover letter

Hopefully this guide has given you everything you need to create a winning cover letter that will ensure you CV gets opened every time you send it.

Just remember to keep it brief, be friendly, tailor it towards your target role, and give recruiters some good reasons to be interested in you.

Good luck with the job hunt!

The full article is available below.

You will also receive a follow-up email containing a link so you can come back to it later.

How to Write a Legal CV and Cover Letter

Last Updated: Sep 06, 2024

First impressions always count. How you choose to present yourself on paper can make a big difference. This is the case not just at the start of your law career, but also as you climb the ladder.

Your legal CV and cover letter are your opportunities to stand out. They can set you apart from other applicants and demonstrate why you are the best possible fit for a particular role or organisation. Within the increasingly competitive and popular legal sector, it pays to make a positive, lasting impression.

Writing your legal CV

There’s no set length for a legal CV. It depends largely on your experience and the necessary attributes for the role you desire. Generally speaking, a legal CV will be no longer than three pages in length. We believe less is often more.

Before putting your fingers to the keyboard, remember that your legal CV should focus solely on providing factual information. Your supporting cover letter is where you can add in the narrative and personality to aid your application.

So, what information should your legal CV include?

Personal details

Your name, address, email and telephone number should all be clearly provided. If relevant, you may also add any appropriate professional websites or online links to support your application.

Education and academic qualifications

Your legal CV should list your academic qualifications (degree, A-levels, GCSE results), as well as details of any professional memberships and qualifications that directly relate to the practice of law. When referencing your degree, it is important to be clear about the areas of law that you have studied. This helps the recruiter to see, at-a-glance, where your current expertise lies and align this with the vacant position.

Work experience

A comprehensive list of accrued work experience, both paid and unpaid, should be provided chronologically. Your work history should include details of any company that you worked for, its location, your job title and your focus areas. Remember, it doesn’t necessarily have to be legal-focused but should always be relevant. Details should be given of your key roles and responsibilities, with an emphasis on the results achieved. This is an opportunity to demonstrate, factually, how this experience makes you a strong candidate for the vacancy. Depending on your level of work experience, you may consider splitting this out into areas of specialism or differentiating between paid and voluntary roles. Each position is a chance for you to reference the wider benefits of your time spent in previous roles. For example, developing leadership skills, learning delegation or growing commercial understanding.

IT skills and languages

Be honest and open about your level of proficiency with IT, detailing your skill level with popular software such as Microsoft Office, as well as any more specific IT software that may be relevant to the role. And if you speak any additional languages, be sure to outline your level of fluency. This could be another factor that sets you apart from the competition.

Personal interests

Your CV is your opportunity to demonstrate all of your relevant experience, not just in the workplace. Detailing your wider personal interests is your chance to offer a glimpse of the person that the recruiter may welcome. This is the case not just useful for the interview, but also for the hiring organisation. Use this to your full advantage. List activities and pursuits that will help you to stand out positively. This could be membership into a club or society at university, sporting achievements, awards you’ve received or community projects that you’ve been actively involved in.

Avoid everyday hobbies such as keeping fit, reading books or live music. Instead, concentrate on what has relevance to a law career or indicates a transferable skill set. These personal interests often serve as rich talking points during interviews, so be prepared to talk confidently and passionately about any information that you choose to include in your CV, if asked.

Depending on your personal circumstances, you may prefer not to list references on your CV, unless directly asked to do so. Instead, you can write ‘references available on request’. You should, however, be able and willing to quickly provide referees’ details before the interview if requested, so be sure to have two strong referees lined up in readiness. In most instances, your current or most recent employer will act as your first reference.

Writing a legal cover letter

A strong, well-researched and punchy cover letter is always worth the time and effort. It should never be treated as an afterthought to your CV. Your legal cover letter and CV should perfectly complement one another. It should give the recruiter the full picture of who you are and the value you bring to the table.

Your cover letter allows you to sell yourself to a potential new employer. It allows for you to demonstrate why you are a candidate that is well worth consideration and inviting for an interview.

A legal cover letter should be succinct, clear and highly targeted. This shows that you have undertaken your research and given due thought to why you are a strong fit for the organisation. Yet it should also grab attention, in a positive way. This is your crucial first impression and the start of building a relationship with what could end up being your future company, so start as you wish to go on. Put time, care and thought into the language used, how you present yourself and how you would like others to perceive you.

In one page or less, your legal cover letter should address the following:

• The position you are applying for and how you became aware of the vacancy.
• A brief summary of who you are, your current career stage and your circumstances. Explain, briefly and clearly, how your past paid or voluntary work experience, academic qualifications and, in some instances, personal interests add up to make you a strong asset to the business. If you can, be specific, link this directly to the vacancy or organisation that’s hiring.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the business, explaining why you have chosen to apply, what attracts you to the law firm and anything specific to their operations that has personally piqued your interest.
• Conclude with practicalities – explain that your CV is enclosed, outline when you are available for interview and, if relevant, answer any specific questions mentioned in the job vacancy.

Your cover letter should be tailored to a specific job or organisation. So, including keywords from the job advertisement within your letter can indicate both attention-to-detail and corporate alignment, as long as keywords are used sparingly and not blatantly!

And be confident in your language. While there’s a fine line to tread here, it’s important to be proud of what you have achieved and to understand, recognise and communicate your value. If you are unsure whether you have struck the right tone, don’t be afraid to ask a trusted friend to read your cover letter and give you their honest feedback on how you come across.

Can I use Qualifying Work Experience on my CV?

The intention of QWE is for it to be wide, varied and flexible. As a core part of the SQE, it will play a vital role in shaping the next generation of legal practitioners. QWE covers everything from working in a law clinic to providing voluntary legal support to a charitable organisation, to working as a paralegal. All that matters is that the work experience gives candidates the chance to build the skills and expertise needed to develop the necessary  solicitor competence requirements  to practise law.

As such, your legal CV should include any relevant work experience that demonstrates your competence to work in the legal profession. You should include details of the organisation, your responsibilities and your learnings from the experience. It all adds up to provide a full overview of the professional individual you are and the areas that matter most to you.

Top 5 legal CV tips

For over half a century, BARBRI has been a leader in training and supporting aspiring lawyers to grow and excel in their legal careers. Our innovative testing and learning technologies making us an ideal partner for future solicitors  preparing for the SQE .

Here are five expert tips to create a winning and memorable legal CV:

• Get to the point quickly:  resist the temptation to bulk your CV out with unnecessary words and overly complicated language. Always think with the recruiter in mind. What are they looking for and how can you show, swiftly, that you’re the right person for the job? Remember that the recruiter is likely to be short on time with many CVs to review, so grab their attention quickly.
• Avoid a personal profile at the top : it’s not necessary. A solid cover letter will tell the narrative of why you’re a great fit for the organisation. Leave your CV to concentrate just on the facts. If you’re concerned that alone won’t be enough for you to stand out, consider the use of bold and persuasive action words to accentuate your achievements and suitability.
• Don’t get personal:  the recruiter doesn’t need to see a photograph of you, or know your date of birth, marital status, nationality – or see your social media profiles (unless specified). Only include the essential information that’s relevant to the role you are applying for.
• Leave no gaps:  there shouldn’t be any unexplained periods in your work experience or employment history. If a gap exists, explain the reason for this and the learnings from this time. The more questions that your CV fails to answer, the less likely it is that you’ll be invited to that all-important first interview.
• Simple is always best:  your legal CV doesn’t need to look creative or visually striking. Often, garish and unusual formatting can count against you. Stick to a simple, clear and easy-to-understand layout. Don’t let trivial elements get in the way of your achievements and suitability for the position.

As a BARBRI student, during your SQE studies, you will have access to a number of opportunities to help boost your employability. There are regular webinars, workshops, a personal 1:1 careers service, and more, available to students throughout their studies. To find out more about career support on the SQE Prep,  visit this page here .

Access our dedicated  free Careers & Employability hub , designed to help you polish your CV, practise your interview skills and gain legal industry insight >

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What IT Skills to Put on a CV? (Examples & Tips)

by Artöm Obenko

• · September 05 2024
• · 8 min read

Table of contents

In today’s job market, having strong IT skills is like holding the golden key to unlocking your dream job. Despite the technological advances, nearly 40% of the UK's working population lacks digital skills , emphasising even more the importance of upskilling and gaining a competitive edge. Mastering a range of IT skills, from programming to generative AI like ChatGPT or Gemini, doesn’t just enhance your employability—it makes you a key player in a fast-changing industry.

In this step-by-step guide, we cover:

Why IT skills matter on your CV

What are they?

When and how to include them?

Examples of must-have IT skills

Best ways to place IT skills on your CV

Strategies to bridge any IT skills gaps.

Explore our CV templates and start creating a CV that shines amongst the competition.

What are IT skills on a CV?

They encompass your ability to use technology effectively in various capacities. This includes managing, developing, designing, and operating technology, from software applications to digital platforms.

High demand : A staggering 82% of online job openings now require digital skills, reflecting their importance across various roles.

Increased earning potential : Roles that demand IT skills often offer higher salaries. On average, these positions pay 29% more than those without such requirements.

Competitive edge : Proficiency in IT demonstrates your ability to handle complex tasks and manage technology efficiently, setting you apart from other candidates.

Improve your CV by adding in-demand IT skills

Top 10 it skills to add to a cv in 2024.

Whether you are a student , graduate , or changing careers , here are the most sought-after IT skills you should consider adding to your CV in 2024.

1. Programming languages

Programming languages are the building blocks of innovation. Whether you're coding apps or managing databases, having a strong grasp of programming languages is a must. Languages like Python are praised for their versatility, Java continues to dominate mobile app development, and JavaScript is essential for interactive web design. The right language can be key to unlocking your desired job within the IT sector.

Refer to our developer CV for more insights on coding and programming languages.

2. Cybersecurity

As cyber threats continue to grow, cybersecurity skills are more crucial than ever. Every company, big or small, needs professionals who can safeguard sensitive data, prevent breaches, and respond swiftly to incidents. Skills in ethical hacking, risk assessment, and network security are highly valued. Experts who can predict and counteract cyber threats find themselves in high demand, making this a high-demanding field in the UK.

For more inspiration, see our cybersecurity CV guide

3. Cloud computing

Cloud computing has become the backbone of modern IT infrastructure. Companies are increasingly moving to cloud platforms like AWS and Microsoft Azure to scale their operations efficiently. Professionals with skills in managing cloud environments, automating tasks, and ensuring seamless integration between services are highly sought after. From setting up virtual servers to handling large-scale data storage, cloud computing is a game-changer, making it one of the most important IT skills to have in 2024.

4. Data analysis

Data is the new currency, and the ability to extract actionable insights from data sets is invaluable. Data analysis skills allow you to sift through massive datasets, draw meaningful conclusions, and help businesses make informed decisions. Proficiency in tools like SQL, Python, and Tableau for data visualization is key. As more businesses rely on data-driven strategies, data analysts are not just in demand—they are essential for staying competitive in today's market.

For more inspiration, check out our related guide on writing a data analyst CV .

5. Machine learning

Machine learning (ML) has moved from a buzzword to a crucial skill in tech. It's all about creating algorithms that can learn from data and make predictions. ML is transforming industries from healthcare to finance, helping companies automate processes, predict trends, and personalise user experiences. With expertise in deep learning and AI, you are ahead of other candidates, working on projects that could shape the future.

For more guidance, explore our machine learning engineer guide.

6. Software development

It is the core of any IT job, focusing on creating everything from mobile apps to enterprise-level software systems. Understanding the full lifecycle of software development—from coding to testing and deployment—is essential for any tech role. Proficiency in frameworks like React or Node.js enhances your ability to develop both front-end and back-end solutions, giving you the flexibility to work across a range of industries.

For more examples, see our step-by-step guide on writing a software developer CV .

7. Systems and networks

It is the infrastructure that keeps businesses running smoothly relies on robust systems and networks. Professionals who can manage network configurations, monitor performance, and troubleshoot issues play an essential role in any organisation. Knowledge of network protocols, virtualization, and cloud-based systems is highly valuable, as companies strive to create seamless, interconnected digital environments. This skill set ensures that IT systems operate efficiently and securely.

For more guidance, refer to our engineer CV and engineer cover letter examples.

8. Web development

Creating responsive, visually appealing websites is at the heart of web development. With web-based platforms becoming a standard for businesses, there’s a continuous need for developers who can build and maintain websites. Mastery of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks like React is critical for developing user-friendly websites and web apps. If you're looking to blend creativity with tech skills, web development is an exciting and high-demand field to consider.

For more examples of IT skills, make sure to check out our graphic design CV example.

9. UX design

A sleek, intuitive user experience (UX) is key to any product's success. UX design skills focus on how users interact with apps, websites, and software, ensuring that their experience is smooth and enjoyable. Nowadays businesses are paying more attention to the impact of user-centred design, making UX professionals vital for product managers . From wireframing to prototyping, UX designers create the blueprint for successful digital products.

See our related guide about UI/UX design to learn more.

10. Blockchain

Blockchain has evolved into a revolutionary technology with a wide array of applications. From finance to supply chain , businesses are exploring how blockchain can improve security and transparency. Mastering blockchain involves understanding distributed ledger technology, smart contracts, and the mechanics of peer-to-peer networks. This emerging field is rich with opportunities, especially as more industries begin to harness its potential.

For more insights and expert tips, refer to the related article on how to include soft skills in a CV .

How to add IT skills to your CV

Effectively showcasing them involves more than listing them. Here’s how to incorporate them into different sections of your CV:

1. Skills section

Create a dedicated section for your IT skills. Remember to include a combination of hard and soft skills with brief descriptions:

See our related blog article on how to add skills to a CV to learn more.

2. CV personal profile

Your CV profile is a chance to highlight your top IT skills in a concise statement:

Personal profile example

Data-driven IT professional with expertise in cloud computing and data analysis, adept at managing complex projects and optimising technology infrastructure.

For more information, read our related blog article on how to mention a personal profile on a CV .

3. Work experience

Incorporate IT skills into your work experience section by providing specific examples of how you used these skills:

Cybersecurity specialist IT skills example within work experience Developed and implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity policy, reducing security breaches by 30%. Conducted regular security audits using Nessus and OpenVAS, identifying and fixing critical vulnerabilities. Led a team to upgrade firewall systems, improving network defence against attacks. Web developer IT skills example within work experience Built and maintained a high-traffic e-commerce website using React and Node.js, increasing user engagement by 25% through enhanced UI/UX design. Implemented a responsive design that improved mobile traffic by 40%. Optimised website speed, reducing load times by 50% and improving user satisfaction. Data analyst IT skills example within work experience Built and maintained a high-traffic e-commerce website using SQL and Python, increasing user engagement by 25% through enhanced UI/UX design. Implemented data-driven A/B testing strategies using Python and JavaScript, optimising user experience and improving conversion rates by 20% Optimised website speed, reducing load times by 50% and improving user satisfaction.

Refer to our related blog article on how to list work experience on a CV to learn more.

4. Education and certifications

List relevant courses, degrees, and certifications that support your IT skills, like below:

Certified AWS Solutions Architect - Professional, AWS, 2024

Achieved certification demonstrating expertise in AWS services and architecture.

Specialised in designing highly available, fault-tolerant systems and managing AWS cloud environments.

Acquired advanced skills in cloud security, cost optimisation, and multi-region deployment strategies.

Bachelor’s Degree in Software Engineering, Imperial College London, 2023

Focused on software development methodologies, including Agile and Scrum.

Key skills developed: JavaScript, Node.js, and API integration.

Completed a project involving real-time data processing and application development.

Certified Data Analyst, Google Data Analytics, 2023

Obtained certification in data analysis with a focus on real-world applications.

Emphasised proficiency in SQL for data querying, R for statistical analysis, and Tableau for data visualisation.

Completed practical projects involving data cleaning, analysis, and presentation of insights.

For more examples and tips, check out our related blog article on how to add education to a CV .

How to address IT skills gaps

According to a report commissioned by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), 82% of job openings require digital skills, and roles that demand these skills pay an average of 29% more than those that don’t (£37,000 vs £28,000 a year).

If you find that your IT skills need improvement, here’s how to bridge the gaps:

1. Identify your skill gaps

Determine what skills are required for your target roles and assess where your current skills fall short. If you're lacking in cloud computing skills, identify which cloud platforms and services are most relevant to your career goals .

2. Seek training opportunities

Explore various training options to enhance your IT skills:

Online courses : Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and LinkedIn Learning offer courses on a wide range of IT topics.

Certifications : Obtain certifications in relevant areas, such as IBM Data Analyst or CompTIA Security+ .

Check out our list of best courses and certificates on a CV for more inspiration.

3. Gain practical experience

Apply your skills through hands-on projects or internships:

Personal projects : Work on personal tech projects to build and demonstrate your skills.

Volunteering : Contribute to open-source projects or volunteer for tech-related roles to gain practical experience.

4. Leverage employer training

Many employers offer training programs to help employees develop their IT skills:

Internal training : Check if your current employer provides training in areas where you need improvement.

Professional development: Attend workshops or seminars related to your field.

Refer to our related blog article on how to explain unemployment gaps on a CV for more inspiration.

Key takeaways

Displaying in-demand IT skills on your CV is crucial for setting yourself apart in the competitive UK job market. As businesses continue to adopt digital strategies, these skills will remain vital across various industries.

To maximise your career potential:

Keep your skills updated : regularly learn new technologies and tools.

Tailor your CV : customise your skills section to match the job you’re applying for.

Highlight your impact : use specific examples to show how your IT skills have benefited previous employers.

Investing in these skills now can lead to significant career opportunities and higher earning potential in the future.

Next steps?

We provide all the tools and resources you need to build your CV easily. Additionally, we have an intuitive CV Builder that helps you create a CV within minutes, If you’re stuck and need help reviewing a CV, contact our experts at CV Writing Services . We help you in every step of the process by tailoring your CV to a specific job and selecting the right skills for your CV!

Make your CV stand out with the right skills

What are the basic it skills.

They include using operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux), office software (Microsoft Office Suite, Google Workspace), social media (X, TikTok, Instagram), or video conferencing tools (Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet). These skills are essential for most entry-level positions.

Which IT skill is highly paid?

Machine learning is one of the highest-paid skills in the UK. Due to the complexity of the work and the growing demand for AI-driven solutions across industries, professionals in this field command premium salaries. Other lucrative skills include cloud computing and cybersecurity, which are essential for businesses aiming to stay competitive and secure in the digital landscape.

How do I say I have good IT skills?

List them under a dedicated section on a CV, and provide examples of how you applied them in past roles. For example, you could say, 'Proficient in Python, used for developing data analysis tools that improved reporting accuracy by 20%.

Which skill is best in the IT sector?

The best IT skill depends on your career goals, but cloud computing, data analysis, and cybersecurity are consistently in high demand and offer robust career growth opportunities.

What are the 10 most common jobs that require IT skills?

Data analyst

Computer sales support worker

Database administrator

Cloud computing engineer

Computer network specialist

Information technology analyst

Information security analyst

Software and application developer

Hardware technician

Help desk analyst.

Start creating your CV

Create a professional CV quick and easy with our advanced CV Builder

Updated September 05 2024

Artöm is your go-to Content Specialist committed to assisting job seekers globally. Through his engaging blog articles and in-depth guides, he's on a mission to make your career journey a breeze. Artöm is passionate about SEO, design, and all aspects of marketing, delivering expert advice that resonates with diverse audiences. Beyond work, you can find him practicising Kung Fu, travelling, reading a book, or enjoying the company of his beloved black cat. Try it now

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• · Aug 20 2024
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What Skills to Put on a CV? (Examples & Tips)

• · Aug 13 2024
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2024's Most Sought-After Skills: Comprehensive Guide with Examples

• · Sep 04 2024
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Most In-Demand Soft Skills to Put on a CV (Examples)

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How to Write a Cover Letter for PhD Applications

What is a PhD cover letter?

Many institutions opt to incorporate a cover letter as part of their application process, which is likely to be accompanied by an academic CV . Whilst your CV will offer an overview of your range of qualifications, experience, and skills, your cover letter provides a specific opportunity to discuss your reasons for applying to the PhD programme and/or organisation.

The content of your letter can also discuss your relevant academic credentials in line with the position, as well as indicating the expertise you will bring to the academic department. It can also be used to clarify any potential gaps in your CV and expand on certain aspects in further detail. Ensure, however, that you avoid simply repeating information – this is a chance to build on the story that your CV aims to tell.

How to get started

Before getting the content for your letter underway, there are some key steps we would encourage you to take:

• Check whether the institution offers any guidance themselves on what they would expect you to include as part of your content. Whilst this won’t always be the case, it will be worth taking note of any advice they offer regarding their individual recruitment process.
• Look at the application process as a whole. Some institutions may require both a cover letter and a personal statement for a PhD. Although there are some similarities between the two, there are some key differences. A cover letter is often more functional – bringing together and presenting your overall application, whereas a personal statement is typically longer and provides much more detailed information around your experience, interests and aspirations. If both need to be submitted, you will need to keep this in mind and develop your content accordingly.
• Revisit and review the information offered about the programme. As you do so, note down any details about the opportunity that really appeal to you:
• Will the research draw on your previous experience and expertise?
• Does the project build on research you have undertaken as part of your undergraduate or postgraduate studies?
• If the programme has specified a supervisor, are you familiar with their work?
• Aim to start pulling together your PhD application early . Many recruitment processes will require multiple elements, including a tailored CV, a cover letter and research proposal, so allow yourself plenty of time to get your initial ideas down, time for editing, and time for finalising your application, including the content of your letter.
• Once you have drafted your initial content, consider accessing any resources and support you have at your disposal. This could mean tapping into professional contacts, for example, from your previous college or university, or contacting your current / previous careers service. Many institutions offer support to their graduates for a period of time after completion of their course, so it is worth checking if you continue to have access.

What to include in your PhD cover letter

As with any cover letter provided as part of a recruitment process, you will need to carefully consider how to present and structure your information .

Ensure you use conventional formatting – when producing a letter, ensure you use the correct formatting, with your address appearing in the top right-hand corner, the named individual [if applicable] and the institution’s address appearing on the left-hand side, and ensure the date of your application is included. There is no need to repeat any other contact information as these will be detailed on your CV.

Include a brief introductory paragraph – use the opening paragraph as an opportunity to introduce yourself as a candidate. Outline who you are, what you are currently doing – for instance, if you are a master’s student or are in employment – and indicate what PhD position or project you are applying to. Double check the advert for a reference number and include this here if one is provided.

Develop 2 – 3 paragraphs as part of the main body of your content – aim for two to three clearly-themed and concise paragraphs that discuss why you are applying for the PhD position. Consider your key achievements and highlights to ensure you develop a compelling application – you want to make an impact, encouraging the recipient to continue reading.

Once you have outlined why you want to apply for the project, you will also need to address why you are eligible by discussing your relevant skills and experience. Whilst your content will need to be concise and to the point, you need to ensure you back up any claims you make by including examples drawn from your experience.

A final paragraph should address why you want to work on the specific project and indicate your clear understanding of its potential impact. You may also choose to reference why you wish to work with the specific supervisor(s) and for the institution. Your enthusiasm will, again, need to be evidenced by incorporating your own research into the research area and/or institution.

Summarise your content – to round off your content, include a summary that reiterates both your interest in, and suitability for, the PhD position and thank the reader for taking the time to consider your application. This is also an opportunity to encourage the reader to contact you if they require further information and/or to have a discussion or plan an interview.

Include a formal closing and signature – be sure to keep your tone professional throughout your letter, including how you choose to sign off your content. This will mean avoiding the use of intimate closing statements and instead focusing on the use of more professional phrases. If you have had the opportunity to address your application to a named individual, which we would always encourage, then you have the option of signing off with ‘Yours sincerely,’. If you haven’t addressed your letter to an individual, then the use of ‘Yours faithfully,’ will be more appropriate.

Your cover letter checklist

Having developed an initial draft, utilise our checklist to enhance and finalise your content:

• Ask others to proofread your content thoroughly – often when you have invested a lot of time in an application and you are close to your content, it can be difficult to identify any mistakes. Ask a colleague, friend or current lecturer/tutor to read over your application and offer their feedback. Be receptive to constructive ideas for strengthening your application.
• Check you haven’t been vague – make sure that for every claim you have made about your experience, skills, and attributes that you have included evidence. Refer to information included as part of your CV to indicate where relevant experience may have been developed, but include as much detail as possible when explaining your achievements and what you can bring to the position and project.
• Be realistic – whilst your cover letter offers the chance to illustrate your personality and enthusiasm for the opportunity, academics considering your application will not have the time to read lengthy documents. Treat your cover letter as the opportunity it is – the chance to bring together and present your overall application. Your content should be approximately one A4 page in length. If necessary, it can be a little longer, but should not exceed two page

Here you can access our suggested template for academic cover letters , which reflects the information and advice provided in this article.

Top Ten Tips for Writing Cover Letters

What did you think of our article? - please rate

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Clare Hall (née Pitkin) has been working in the UK Higher Education sector for over ten years, including with students' unions, university careers services, as well as conducting research on graduate employability and race equality in HE for the University of Birmingham. Clare completed her MA in Education Studies in 2019, with a research focus on employability in the curriculum. She has recently developed an online employability award programme for students at the University of Portsmouth, where she has also been working in information advice and guidance for eight years. Clare has regularly contributed to online careers advice content, developed workshops to enhance employability skills and prospects, and has contributed to academic journal articles.

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