biodiversity assignment pdf class 12

[Updated] CBSE Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes 2024-25 in PDF

Get a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity and conservation with CBSE Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes. These notes delve into the intricate concepts outlined in the CBSE syllabus, offering clear explanations and detailed insights. With these notes, students can grasp the nuances of biodiversity, its significance, threats, and conservation measures. Perfect for exam preparation, these notes provide a concise yet comprehensive resource for scoring well in the CBSE Class 12 Biology exam.

Before discussing the Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes, let us check the CBSE Class 12 Summary; below, we have mentioned the complete CBSE Class 12 Summary.

Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes

Below, we have mentioned the CBSE Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes. Students have checked the complete Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation Notes PDF for the final examination’s excellent score.

Class 12 Biodiversity and Conservation Marking Scheme

Students trying to make a career in the medical field, like pharmacy, dental, BAMS, MBBS, etc., must remember that they have to score excellent marks in their CBSE class 12 board examination. The marking scheme is the proper distribution of marks according to the Units or Chapters. In addition, it will show students the importance of Class 12 Biodiversity and Conservation and the total number of questions asked from this chapter.

NOTE:- To know more information about the Class 12 Biology Marking Scheme

Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25

Biology is the study of life and living organisms. The primary way of introducing biology in the school curriculum is to help students learn more about the human body parts, names, functions, importance, and many more. As you all know, the CBSE has already released the Class 12 Biology Syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year; we have the syllabus in PDF format. Let’s have a look.

Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern

In this section, we have mentioned the Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern. Students can check the Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern for the academic year 2024.

NOTE:- To learn more About the Class 12 New Biology Syllabus Session 2024-25

Class 12 Biology Sample Paper

Class 12 Biology Sample Papers for the board exam 2024-25 have been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Students must Download the complete Class 12 Biology Sample Papers in PDF for the final examination’s excellent score. Also, the marking scheme and answer key for each paper is available. In addition, you can download the Last 6th Year Sample Paper 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

NOTE:- To know more information about the Class 12 Biology Sample Paper

Class 12 Biology Useful Resources

We have tried to bring CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Study Materials like Syllabus, Worksheet, Sample Paper, NCERT Solutions, Important Books, Holiday Homework, Previous Year Question Papers, etc. You can visit all these important topics by clicking the links given.​

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q. how many types of biodiversity conservation are .

A. There are three prime biodiversity types: Genetic, Species, and habitat/ecosystem.

Q. What is biodiversity conservation and its importance?

A. Biodiversity conservation, the practice of protecting and preserving the wealth and variety of species, habitats, ecosystems, and genetic diversity on the planet, is essential for our health, wealth, food, fuel, and services we depend on. … Biodiversity conservation is vital for economic growth and poverty reduction.

Q. Is class 12 biology difficult?

Per the feedback of the students who appeared for the Biology paper today, the difficulty level of the CBSE Class 12 Biology exam 2023 was average. Students shared that the questions were from the syllabus, and the paper was easy.

Q. Which is not a benefit of biodiversity?

A. Explanation: Deforestation is a common issue that lessens the number of trees, affecting lives and negatively affecting an enormous variety of life on Earth.

Q. Is Edufever study material free?

A. CBSE Study Materials – Access All Resources for Free!

Q. Does Edufever provide study material?

A. We at Edufever provide CBSE boards with Study Materials to assist you in preparing for your upcoming exam. Studying this helps you understand the exam pattern set by the CBSE board’s study material this year.

Q. Should I make Biology notes?

A. You must write your notes keeping in mind the essential concepts of the syllabus that could be asked in the exam. So don’t keep on writing whatever you are learning. Instead, write short notes that make sense.

Q. Are there any changes in the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2024-25?

A. According to the latest updates, there is no update on decreasing the CBSE 12 Biology Syllabus for the academic year 2024-25.

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Home » 12th Class » Class 12 Biology Notes for Biodiversity and Conservation (PDF) – Study Material

Class 12 Biology Notes for Biodiversity and Conservation (PDF) – Study Material

Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation – Get here the Notes, Question & Practice Paper of Class 12 Biology for topic Biodiversity and Conservation Notes. Biodiversity and Conservation Notes for Class 12 Biology are here. You can download the Biodiversity and Conservation Notes PDF to study all the topics in this chapter. Moreover the class 12 Biology notes include chapter summary, definitions, examples, and key pointers for Biodiversity and Conservation . Thus if you are studying class Biology (जीवविज्ञान), then the  Biodiversity and Conservation notes  will help you easily understand the topic and ace it.

Class 12 Biology Notes for Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation is a critical part in the study of Biology . In India, it is taught in class. Therefore the class 12 Notes for Biology topic Biodiversity and Conservation have been compiled by teachers and field experts. They explain the complete chapter of Biodiversity and Conservation in one-shot . Whether you are studying the topic Biodiversity and Conservation to complete your class syllabus, or for any competitive exam like JEE , NEET , UPSC, you can simply refer these notes to complete the chapter in one-shot!

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Biodiversity and Conservation Notes for Class 12 Biology PDF

The PDF of Biodiversity and Conservation class 12 notes is as follows. You can view the document here and also download it to use it anytime for future reference whenever you want to brush up your concepts of Biology.

Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 12 with good score can check this article for Notes, Study Material, Practice Paper. Above we provided the link to access the Notes , Important Question and Practice Paper of Class 12 Biology for topic Biodiversity and Conservation.

All Topics Class 12 Biology Notes

Chapter wise notes for Biology (जीवविज्ञान) are given below.

• Biodiversity and Conservation
• Biotechnology and its Applications
• Biotechnology Principles and Processes
• Environmental Issues
• Human Health and Disease
• Human Reproduction
• Microbes in Human Welfare
• Molecular Basis of Inheritance
• Organisms and Population
• Principles of Inheritance and Variation
• Reproduction in Organisms
• Reproductive Health
• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
• Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation

The Biodiversity and Conservation notes here help you solve the questions and answers . Also, you can complete the class 12 Biodiversity and Conservation worksheet using the same. In addition you will also tackle CBSE Class 12 Biology Important Questions with these class 12 notes .

However if you still need help, then you can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation to get all the answers. Biodiversity and Conservation solutions contain questions, answers, and steps to solve all questions.

Notes for All Classes

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Biodiversity and Conservation Notes for Class 12 Biology – An Overview

Class 12 Biodiversity and Conservation Notes for All Boards

You can use the class 12 Biology notes of Biodiversity and Conservation for all boards.

The education boards in India for which Biodiversity and Conservation notes are relevant are – CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE .

Therefore you can refer to these notes as CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE notes for class Class 12 / Class / Biology for the topic Biodiversity and Conservation.

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Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Notes Biology Chapter 15

Chapter at a glance.

• Biodiversity or biological diversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystem, different species of organisms with their biotypes & genes adapted to different climates, environments along with their interactions & processes.
• Genetic diversity refers to variation of genes within species both among geographically separated populations and among individual of single population. These differences can be in between alleles, in entire genes or in chromosomal structures.
• Species diversity refer to variety of species within a region from micro­ organisms such as virus, bacteria and protist to the multicellular kingdom of plants, animals and fungi.
• Ecosystem (ecological) diversity describes number of niches, trophic levels and various ecological processes that sustain energy flow, food web and recycling of nutrients, E.g., India with desert, rain forest, mangrove, coral reef, wetland has greater ecosystems diversity than scandinavian country like Norway.
• Diversity at community and ecosystem has 3 perspectives: alpha diversity, beta diversity, and gamma diversity.
• Alpha diversity refers to the diversity of organism sharing the same community or habitat. It is dependent on species richness and species evenness.
• The rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitat or community is called beta diversity.
• Diversity of habitat over total landscape or geographical area is called gamma diversity.
• Biodiversity varies with change in latitude or altitude. Biodiversity increases, as we move from high to low latitude as (i.e., from poles to equator).
• The relation between species richness and area having wide variety of taxa is rectangular hyperbola.
• The number of species per unit area is called species richness and the number of individuals of different species represents species evenness.
• If individuals of a species remain alive only in captivity or other human controlled conditions, the species is said to be extinct in wild .
• A species is said to be locally extinct if it is no longer found in area, once it inhabited, but is still found somewhere else in wild.
• A species is said to be ecologically extinct if it persists at such reduced numbers that its effect on other species in community are negligible. For instance, few tigers remain in wild that their impact on prey population is insignificant.
• Loss of biodiversity or biodiversity loss is the extinction of species (plant or animal) worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat.
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was established in the year 1964 to maintain Red Data Book.
• Red data book is a source document which maintains the record of all the rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi as well as some local subspecies that exist within the territory of the state or country.
• IUCN (Red list, 2004) documents the extinctions of784 species in which 338 are vertebrates, 359 are invertebrates and 87 plants in the last 500 years.
• Major causes of loss of biodiversity are – habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, habitat degradation & pollution, introduction of exotic species, over exploitation and co-extinction.
• Introduction of exotic species, increased levels of diseases, and excessive exploitation of particular species causes significant biodiversity losses.
• Disease causing micro-organisms, if introduced to new virgin areas may cause epidemics and native species are eliminated completely.
• Over exploitation includes the activities like over hunting, over fishing, illegal trade of wildlife and excessive logging. It threatens 113rd of endangered vertebrates in the world, as well as other species. Such as whales, steller’s sea cow and passenger pigeon. Even if a species is not completely eliminated by over exploitation, the population size may become too small that the species is unable to recover.
• Presently, 12% of all bird species, 23% of all mammal species, 32% of all amphibian species and 31 % of all gymnosperm species in the world face the threat of extinction.
• The current species extinction rates are estimated to be 100-1,000 times faster than in pre-human times.
• Threatened Species= Endangered+ Vulnerable+ Rare
• Species with small world population that are not presently endangered or vulnerable but are at risk, are called rare species. E.g., Venus fly trap only in Savannah of coastal plains of Carolina in East U.S.A.

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

• Biodiversity conservation is basically aimed at protection, enhancement and scientific management of the biodiversity.
• It is important to conserve biodiversity because of its several benefits it offers that are essential to live. It provides biological resources, ecosystem services, social and spiritual benefits.
• IUCN and WWF are leading International Organisations concerned with biodiversity conservation.
• “The earth Summit” held in Rio de Jeneiro in 1992 called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits.
• There are 2 basic methods of biodiversity conservation: In situ (on site) and Ex situ ( off site).

In situ conservation

• In situ method provides protection to total ecosystem. It includes protection of a group of typical ecosystems through a network of protected areas.
• Example of protected areas are national park, wild life sancturies and biosphere reserve.
• The first national park in India is Hailey national park. It was set up in 1935 in the foot hills of Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh.
• Hot spots are the richest and most threatened reservoir of plants and animals life on earth.
• The concept of hot spot of biodiversity was developed by Norman Myers (in 1988) to designate priority area for in situ conservation.
• 25 terrestrial hot spots for conservation of biodiversity have been identified worldwide.
• Among 25 hot spots of world, 2 are located in India, which are Western Ghat and Eastern Himalayas. These are regions of accelerated habitat loss.
• Biodiversity hotspots region have very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (species are confined to that region and are not found anywhere else).

Ex – situ conservation

• It a set of conservation techniques which involves the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat.
• Concept of ex situ conservation was developed earlier before its official adoption under the Convention on Biological Diversity signed in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro.
• It includes botanical gardens, zoos, conservation stands and gene, pollen seed, seedling, tissue culture and DNA banks.
• India has 10 biogeographical regions, 89 national parks, 500 wild life sanctuaries, 14 biosphere reserves, 6 wetlands and 35 world heritage sites.

Related Articles:

• NCERT Revision Notes for Class 12 (All Subjects)
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes
• NCERT Solutions for class 12th Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Important Questions and Answers Biology Chapter 15

July 25, 2022 by Bhagya

We have given these  Class 12 Biology Important Questions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation to solve different types of questions in the exam. Go through these Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Important Questions, Biodiversity and Conservation Important Questions & Previous Year Questions to score good marks in the board examination.

Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Important Questions Biodiversity and Conservation

Question 2. Write the level of biodiversity represented by a mangroves. Give another examples falling in the same level. (Delhi 2014C) Answer: The mangroves represent biodiversity at ecological level. Other examples of ecological diversity are deserts, rainforests, coral reefs, etc.

Question 3. Name the type of biodiversity represented by the following (i) 1000 varieties of mangoes in India. (ii) Variations in terms of potency and concentration of reserpine in Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different regions of “Himalayas. (All India 2013) Answer: (i) Genetic diversity (ii) Genetic diversity.

Question 4. Name the type of biodiversity represented by the following (i) 50000 different strains of rice in India, (ii) Estuaries and alpine meadows in India. (Delhi 2013) Answer: (i) Genetic diversity (ii) Ecological diversity.

Question 5. Why is tropical environment able to support greater species diversity? (Delhi 2011C) Answer: Tropical latitudes have less seasonal variations and constant environment which promote niche and greater species diversity.

Question 6. Eichhornia crassipes is an alien hydrophyte introduced in India. Mention the problem posed by this plant. (All India 2010C) Answer: Water hyacinth (Eichhomia) introduced in India is threatening the existing aquatic life in ponds and lakes, etc., as it clogs the stagnant waterbodies very fast, thus, the native species are threatened.

Question 7. The Amazon rainforest is referred to as the lungs of planet. Mention any one human activity which causes loss of biodiversity in this region. (All India 2010C) Answer: Human activities causing loss of biodiversity in Amazon rainforest are as follows

• Many plants are cut in Amazon rainforest for cultivation of soybeans.
• Forests are converted to grasslands for raising beef cattle.

Question 8. India has more than 50000 strains of rice. Mention the level of biodiversity it represents. (Delhi 2010; Outside Delhi 2010) Answer: India has more than 50000 strains of rice which shows the genetic level of biodivesity of rice.

Question 9. How is an alien species invasion considered as one of the cause of biodiversity loss? Support you answer with the help of an example. (All India 2019) Or Alien species invasions is one of the causes of biodiversity loss. Explain with the help of an example. (All India 2012C) Or With the help of an example, explain how alien species invasion causes biodiversity loss (Delhi 2011) Or Alien species are a threat to native species. Justify taking examples of an animal and a plant alien species. (All India 2010) Or Sometimes alien species affect the indigenous organisms leading to their extinction. Substantiate this statement with the help of any two examples. (Delhi 2010C) Answer: Alien species become invasive, compete with the native species and cause extinction of indigenous species.

• Introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria leads to extinction of more than 200 species of cichlid fish in that lake.
• Carrot grass (Parthenium) and Lantana introduced in our country have become invasive and cause environmental damage. They pose a threat to the native species of plants in our forests.

Question 10. Substantiate with the help of one example that in an ecosystem mutualists. (i) tend to coevolve and (ii) are also one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. (Delhi 2019) Answer: (i) In nature mutualists often co-evolve such as mediterranean orchid Ophrys. Ophrys employs sexual deceit to get pollinated by a species of bee. One petal of flower resembles to female bee. If female bee changes its colour pattern even slightly the success of pollination will be reduced unless orchid flower coevolves to maintain resemblance with female bee.

(ii) Coextinction is the one of the Evil Quartet in which organism with obligatory relationship like plant pollinator mutualism will result in extinction of one partner, if other is eliminated in nature.

Question 12. Mention the kind of biodiversity of more than a 1000 varieties of mangoes in India represent. How is it possible? (Delhi 2016) Answer: The different varieties of mangoes in India represent genetic diversity. It occurs because India lies within tropical latitudes where, the environment is constant and predictable. Also, more solar energy is available which leads to higher productivity.

Question 13. List four causes of biodiversity loss. (Delhi 2014C) Answer: The four causes of biodiversity loss are as follows

• Habitat loss and fragmentation
• Overexploitation
• Alien species invasions
• Coextinctions.

Question 14. What is meant by alien species invasion? Name one plant and one animal alien species that are a threat to our Indian native species. (All India 2013) Answer: Intentional or chance introduction of exotic species into new Islands or countries by man is called alien species invasion.

For example, Nile perch introduced into Lake Victoria in East Africa caused loss of more than 200 species of cichlid fish. Plant alien species-Lantana camara and animal alien species-Clarias gariepinus have posed threat to our Indian native species.

Question 15. “Stability of a community depends on its species richness.’ Write how did David Tilman show this experimentally. (Outside Delhi 2013) Answer: The stability of a community depends on species richness. This was confirmed by David Tilman. Through his ecology experiments Tilman showed

• The plots with more species showed less year-to-year variations in total biomass.
• Plots with increased diversity showed higher productivity.

Question 16. Where would you expect more species biodiversity in tropics or in polar regions? Give reasons in support of your answer. (Outside Delhi 2013) Or Giving two reasons explain why there is more species biodiversity in tropical latitudes than in temperate ones. (All India 2010) Answer: Biodiversity is more in tropical latitudes than in temperate or in polar regions. The reasons are (any two)

• Speciation is a function of time. The temperate regions were subjected to frequent glaciation in the past, while the tropics have remained undisturbed and so had longer time to evolve more species diversity.
• More solar radiation is available in tropical region. This leads directly to more productivity and indirectly to greater species diversity.
• The environment of tropics is less seasonal and relatively more constant and predictable, which encourages niche specialisation and species diversity.

Question 17. State the use of biodiversity in modern agriculture. (Outside Delhi 2011) Answer: The use of biodiversity in agriculture is immense. It is a source of hybrids, GM plants, biopesticides, organic farming, biofertiliser, improved varieties of plants, disease resistant plants. It also promotes sustainable management of agricultural resources, conservation and farming of all wild and native varieties of plants, etc.

Question 18. Justify with the help of an example where a deliberate attempt by humans has led to the extinction of a particular species. (Delhi 2011) Answer: Overexploitation of natural resources or over hunting of animals has led to extinction of particular species, e.g. Steller’s sea cow and passenger pigeon. Other examples of human driven extinction include Dodo bird due to habitat fragmentation.

Question 20. Explain, taking one example, the effect of coextinction on biodiversity. (Delhi 2011c) Answer: Coextinction means that when a species is going to become extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory relationship also gets extinct. For example, coevolved plant-pollinator mutualism as in case of Pronuba yuccasella and Yucca. If one partner is on the verge of extinction, the other partner will also get extinct.

Question 21. How does overexploitation of beneficial species affect biodiversity? Explain with the help of one example. (Delhi 2011C) Answer: Human beings when overexploite any plant/animal species, it affects their population size. The marine fish population around the world are declining due to overharvesting. It results in endangering the continued existence of some commercially important species. In the last 500 years, extinction of Stellar’s sea cow and passenger pigeon were due to the overexploitation of these animals by humans.

Question 22. In the biosphere, immense biological diversity exists at all levels of biological organisation. Explain any two levels of biodiversity. (All India 2010) Answer: Levels of Biodiversity in Biosphere

• Genetic diversity It refers to the diversity of genes within a species. For example, there are more than 50000 genetically different strains of rice in India.
• Species diversity It refers to the number of different species within a given region. For example. Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than Eastern Ghats.

Question 23. List the features that make a stable biological community. (All India 2010) Answer: Features of Stable Biological Community

• It should not show much variation in productivity from year-to-year.
• It should be resistant or resilient to occasional disturbances both natural and man-made.
• It must be resistant to invasions of alien species. (Any two)

Question 24. Write any two hypothesis put forth by ecologists explaining the existence of greater biodiversity in tropical regions than in temperate regions. (Foreign 2010) Answer: For two hypothesis put forth by ecologists explaining the existence of greater biodiversity in tropical regions, than in temperates. Refer to Answer No. 16.

Question 25. Explain any two most important levels of biological organisation showing biodiversity with the help of an example each. (Delhi 2019, 2018) Or Explain the levels of biodiversity at genetic, specific and ecological levels with the help of one example each. (Delhi 2016) Answer: Genetic diversity A single species shows diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. For example, the genetic variation shown by the plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in the different Himalayan ranges might be due to its potency and concentration of reserpine.

Species diversity It is the diversity at species level and it is affected by species richness and species evenness. For example, the Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats. Ecological diversity It is the diversity at ecological level and is dependent on genetic and species diversity. At the ecosystem level, India shows diversity with its deserts, rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs and alpine meadows.

Question 26. (i) India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway. Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons in support of your answer. (ii) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity that exists at all the levels of biological organisation. (2018) Answer: (i) India is one of the twelve megadiversity regions of the world with 8.1% of genetic resources of the world. Since, India is placed in the tropical part of the world it exhibits more species diversity than the regions of temperate zones. India, with much of its land area in the . tropical latitudes, has more than 1200 species of.birds. Greenland, Norway is away from tropics, so it exhibits less biodiversity.

(ii) Differences between genetic and species biodiversity are as follows

Question 27. Name and describe any three causes of biodiversity losses. (Delhi 2017) Or Name and explain any two ways that are responsible for the loss of biodiversity. (Foreign 2014) Causes of biodiversity losses are as follows

• Habitat Loss and Fragmentation : The main cause of extinction of species is the v destruction of their habitat. For example, tropical rainforests once covering more than 14% of the land surface, now cover only 6% of land area.
• Overexploitation of natural resources byhumans results in degradation and extinction of the resources. For example, Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon and many marine fishes have become extinct in last 500 years.

Question 28. Write the importance of species diversity to the ecosystem. Support your answer with the finding of Tilman. (Delhi 2016) Answer:

• Ecologists for many years, believe that communities with more species are more stable than those with less species. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.
• David Tilman’s long term ecosystem experiments using outdoor plots provided answers to stability of a biological community and species richness in that community. Tilman found that plots with more species showed less year-to-year variation in total biomass. He also showed in his experiments that increased diversity contributed to higher productivity.

Question 29. Since the origin of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. (i) How is the ‘Sixth extinction’, presently in progress, different from the previous episodes? (ii) Who is mainly responsible for ‘Sixth Extinction’? (iii) List any four points that can help to overcome this disaster, outside (Delhi 2014) Answer: (i) The current species extinction rate is estimated to be 100-1000 time faster than in the pre-human era. (ii) All activities performed by human beings for survival and maintenance of their lifestyle. (iii) Point that can help to overcome this disaster are as follows

• Preventing habitat loss and fragmentation.
• Checking overexploiting.
• Preventing alien species invasion.
• Preventing coextinction.
• Conservation/protection of species.

Question 31. Explain giving three reasons, why tropics show greatest levels of species diversity? (All India 2014) Or List the reasons that account for the greater biological diversity in tropics. (Foreign 2012) Answer: For reasons why tropics have greatest species diversity. Refer to Answer No. 16.

Question 32. Alien species are highly invasive and are a threat to indigenous species. Substantiate this statement with any three examples. (All India 2012) Answer: For Allien species invasion. Refer to Answer No. 27 (iii).

Question 33. Taking one example each of habitat loss and fragmentation, explain how are the two responsible for biodiversity loss. (All India 2012) Answer: For fragmentation and habitat loss, Refer to Answer No. 27 (i).

For example, for fruit eating birds and mammals in tropical forests of different continent, the slope is found to be 1.15.

Question 35. Explain by giving example, how coextinction is one of the causes of loss of biodiversity. List the other three causes also (without description). (foreign 2011) Answer: Coextinction is one of the causes of loss of biodiversity as when a species becomes extinct, the plant and,animal species associated with it in an obligatory manner, also become extinct. For example,

• In plant pollinator mutualism, extinction of one results in the extinction of other.
• If a host fish becomes extinct, the unique parasites depending on it would also become extinct.

The other causes of loss of biodiversity are

• Habitat loss fragmentation
• Invasion of alien species.

Question 36. Explain rivet popper hypothesis. Name the ecologist who proposed it. (Foreign 2011) Answer: Rivet Popper Hypothesis

• The hypothesis was proposed by Paul Ehrlich.
• In an airplane (ecosystem), all parts are joined together using thousands of rivets (species).
• If every passenger travelling in it, starts popping a rivet to take home (causing a species to become extinct), it may not affect the flight safety (proper functioning of ecosystem) initially, but as more and more rivets are removed, the plane becomes dangerously weak after some time.
• Further, loss of rivets on the wings. (Key species that drive major ecosystem function) is obviously a more serious threat to flight safety than loss of a few rivets on the seats or windows inside the plane.

Question 37. Why Western Ghats in India have been declared as biological hotspot? (Delhi 2015) Answer: Western Ghats have been declared as biological hotspot due to it is rich biodiversity and ecological condition favoring many species of plants and animals. Many endemic species of amphibians, reptiles and fishes are found in these regions.

Question 38. Write the importance of cryopreservation in conservation of biodiversity. (Delhi 2011) Answer: The importance of cryopreservation in conservation of biodiversity is that gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile conditions for long periods by cryopreservation.

Question 39. Suggest two practices giving one example of each, that help to protect rare or threatened species. (All India 2017) Answer: Practices that help to protect rare threatened species are as follows

• In situ (on-site) conservation involves protection of species in their natural habitat. In involves biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, sacred groves, etc,
• Ex situ (off-site) conservation involves placing threatened animals and plants in special care units for their protection. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose.

Question 40. Why are sacred groves highly protected? (All India 2016) Answer: Sacred groves are small patches of forests with special religious importance in a particular culture.

• These are also mythologically important.
• These are undisturbed forests without any human interventions.
• These are highly protected hence, they include a number of rare, endangered and endemic species. (2)

Question 41. list any four techniques where the principle of ex situ conservation of biodiversity has been employed. (All India 2015) Answer: Four techniques where principle of ex situ conservation of biodiversity has been employed are

• Tissue culture
• Cryopreservation
• Botanical gardens
• Zoological parks.

Question 42. Why is there a need to conserve biodiversity? (Foreign 2014) Answer: The main reasons to conserve biodiversity are as follows

• Narrowly utilitarian reasons These are obvious reasons as human derives multiple economic benefits like food, fibre, medicinal and industrial products, etc.
• Broadly utilitarian reasons Biodiversity plays a major role in providing ecosystem services which cannot be given a price-tag, e.g. oxygen, pollination, aesthetic pleasure, etc.

Question 43. State the uses of biodiversity in modern agriculture. (All India 2011) Answer: Uses of biodiversity in modern agriculture are –

• Humans obtain food, fibres, medicines and many industrial products from plants.
• Wild varieties of plants are used for breeding to obtain disease and pest resistant crops with many desirable traits.
• By exploring molecular, genetic and species level diversity for economically important products, rich biodiversity can be obtained.

Question 44. Differentiate between in situ and ex situ approaches of conservation of biodiversity. (All India 2011) Answer: Differences between in situ and ex situ approaches of conservation of biodiversity are as follows

Question 45. Biodiversity must be conserved as it plays an important role in many ecosystem services that nature provides. Explain any two services of the ecosystem. (Delhi 2010) Answer: The two ecosystem services are

• Forest ecosystem mitigates droughts and floods and provides oxygen.
• The wildlife helps in pollination of crops, without which fruits/seeds are not produced.

Question 46. Why certain regions have been declared as biodiversity hotspots by environmentalists of the world? Name any two hotspot regions of India. (Delhi 2010) Answer: Certain regions are declared hotspots by the environmentalists, because these regions have very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism. Hotspots of India are Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Himalayas and Indo-Burma.

Question 47. White Bengal tigers are protected in special settings in zoological parks. Tiger reserves are maintained in Western Ghat. (i) How do these two approaches differ from each other? Mention the advantages of each one. (ii) What is the significance of cryopreservation technique? (All India 2010C) Answer: (i) Zoological parks are man-made places where endangered species are kept and taken care of by specilised skilled persons. It helps to . prevent species extinction. Tiger reserves are natural habitats of tigers in which they are protected in natural habitat. It helps in recovering population of the species where they have developed their distinctive features. (ii) Cryopreservation is ex situ conservation technique in which tissues, organs, embryos, seeds gametes, pollens, etc., are stored at very low temperature of -196°C for future use.

Question 48. List six advantages of ‘ex situ’ approach to conservation of biodiversity. (Delhi 2019) Answer: Ex situ conservation strategies help

• To conserve those animals that have become extinct in wild, but can be maintained in zoological parks.
• To preserve gametes of threatened species in viable condition through cryopreservation.
• To propagate threatened plants via tissue culture.
• To grow plants with recalcitrant seeds in orchards where all possible varieties are maintained.
• To conserve seed of commercially important plants in seed banks.
• To save endangered or threatened plant that needs urgent measure to save it from extinction in botanical gardens.

Question 49. Explain the ‘ex situ conservation’ of biodiversity. How is the in situ conservation different from it? (2018C) Answer: For ex situ conservation, Refer to Answer No. 3 (ii) and for difference Answer No. 8.

Question 50. In situ conservation can help endangered threatened species. Justify the statement. (Delhi 2017) Answer: In situ conservation involves the protection of species in their natural habitats. It helps in the conservation of threatened/endangered species via following means

• Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (i.e. species confined to that region are not found anywhere else). Hotspots cover less than 2% of the earth’s land area.
• Protected areas are ecologically unique and biodiversity rich regions. These are legally protected as biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.
• Sacred groves are forest areas set aside, all the trees and wildlife within it are venerated . and given total protection. These are religious and cultural places, which are protected.

Question 51. Why should biodiversity be conserved? Explain giving three reasons. (Outside Delhi 2016C) Answer: Biodiversity should be conserved for the following reasons

• The broadly utilitarian argument says that biodiversity plays a major role in many ecosystem services that nature provides.
• The narrow utilitarian argument says that humans derive countless direct economic benefits from nature and products of medicinal importance.
• The ethical argument for conserving biodiversity relates to what we owe to millions of plant, animal and microbe species with whom we share this planet.

Question 52. Many plant and animal species are on the verge of their extinction because of loss of forest land by indiscriminate use by the humans. As a biology student what method would you suggest along with its advantages that can protect such threatened species from getting extinct. (Delhi 2015) Answer: As a biology student, I would suggest ex situ conservation approach for such animals. It involves placing the threatened animals and plants in special care units for their protection. It includes off-site collections (botanical gardens, zoological parks, etc.) and (gene banks, seed banks, tissue culture, etc).

Advantages of ex situ conservation are

• Off-site collection can be used to restock depleted population, reintroduce species in the wild and restore degraded habitats.
• It is useful in maintaining a large number of genotypes in small area, rapid multiplication of endangered species, through tissue culture, etc.

Question 53. Compare narrowly utilitarian and broadly utilitarian approaches to conserve biodiversity, with the help of suitable examples. (Foreign 2015) Answer: Comparison between narrowly utilitarian and broadly utilitarian approaches are as follows

Question 54. There are many animals that have become extinct in the wild but continue to be maintained in zoological parks. (i) What type of biodiversity conservation is observed in this case? (ii) Explain any other two ways which help this type of conservation. (Delhi 2014) Answer: (i) Zoological parks are an example of ex situ conservation, in which threatened animals are kept in special conditions, away from natural habitat, in order to protect them. (ii) The other ways of maintaining the endangered animals or species by ex situ conservation are botanical gardens and cryopreservation.

In botanical garderns, plants are grown in special conditions. Threatened and critically endangered plant species are grown here. In cryopreservation, gametes and seeds of threatened species are preserved in viable condition at the temperature of around -196° C.

Question 55. The sacred groves of Aravalli Hills and Ooty botanical garden both aim at biodiversity conservation. How do they differ in their approaches? Explain. (All India 2013C) Answer: Sacred groves are undisturbed forest patches, surrounded by highly degraded landscapes where not even a “single human activity is allowed, e.g. sacred groves of Aravalli hill is protecting many endemic species. In botanical gardens, the plants are raised outside their natural habitat under the supervision of skilled persons.

Question 56. What are the two types of desirable approaches to conserve biodiversity? Explain with examples bringing out the difference between the two types. (Delhi 2012, All India 2012) Answer: Conservation of biodiversity meant the preservation of existing variable forms of life in their natural habitat, while deriving sustainable benefits from nature. It is done in situ (on-site) and ex situ (off-site). In situ preservation and conservation always aim to protect organisms in their natural habitats (e.g. sacred groves, biosphere reserves).

Ex situ conservation helps to protect threatened plants and animals. In this method, these organisms are placed outside the natural habitat and are promoted to reproduce.

Question 57. (i) Why should we conserve biodiversity? How can we do it? (ii) Explain the importance of biodiversity hotspots and sacred groves. (Delhi 2016) Answer: (i) For reasons, Refer to Answer No. 15 and for methods, Refer to Answer No. 18. (ii) Importance of biodiversity hotspots and sacred groves Biodiversity hotspots are the regions of accelerated habitat loss. These can reduce the ongoing mass extinctions by almost 30%. Sacred groves are important in biodiversity conservation, as these are, naturally protected by the native population without much effort. In Meghalaya, the sacred groves are the last refuges for large number of rare and threatened plants.

Question 58. (i) Explain the narrow utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical arguments in favour of conservation of biodiversity. (ii) How is designation of certain areas as hotspots a step towards biodiversity conservation? Name any two hotspots in India. (Delhi 2014C) Answer: (i) Refer to Answer No. 15. (ii) Hotspots are regions exhibiting high degree of endemism and great species richness, therefore designating these areas as ‘biodiversity hotspots’ allows their maximum protection and reduce the ongoing extinction by about 30%. Such hotspot regions in India are Western Ghats and Himalayas.

Question 59. (i) Why is there a need to conserve biodiversity? (ii) Name and explain any two ways that are responsible for the loss of biodiversity. (All India 2014) Answer: (i) The biodiversity needs to be conserved because of three reasons

• Narrow utilitarian includes most of the resources required for our day-to-day life, e.g. food, oil, clothes, firewood, drugs and medicines, industrial products all are derived from nature, thus needs to be conserved to reap more benefits.
• Broadly utilitarian includes most of the ecosystem services provided to us by nature. Such as release of oxygen and fixation of C02 by photosynthesis in plants, pollination and dispersal of seeds, etc. Therefore, for the continuation of these services biodiversity needs to be conserved.
• Ethical reasons as it becomes our moral duty to take care of all living species in our surroundings irrespective of their economic importance and pass this biological legacy to our future generations.

(ii) The two ways that are responsible for the loss of biodiversity are

• Habitat loss and fragmentation of natural habitats due to the natural reasons or human activities and pollution results in degradation of habitats, thereby threatening the survival of many species concerned.
• Coextinction leads to loss of biodiversity as when a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in obligatory way also become extinct, e.g. when a host organism (fish) becomes extinct, the parasites exclusive to it also become extinct.

Question 60. (i) Taking one example each of habitat loss and fragmentation, explain how are the two responsible for biodiversity loss. (ii) Explain two different ways of biodiversity conservation. (Outside Delhi 2012) Answer: (i) (a) When large-sized habitats are broken or fragmented due to human settlements, building of roads, digging of canals, etc., animals requiring large territories and some animals with migratory habitats are badly affected. (b) The Amazon rainforest (called the ‘lungs of the planet’) is being cut and cleared for cultivation of soybean or for conversion into grasslands for raising beef cattle.

(ii) There are two basic approaches for conservation of biodiversity (a) In situ conservation (on-site conservation) (b) Ex situ conservation (off-site conservation)

In situ conservation: It is the conservation and protection of biodiversity in its natural habitat. It helps in recovering population in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive features. Example National parks, biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries.

Ex situ conservation: It is the conservation of selected rare plants and animals in places outside their natural habitat. It helps in recovering population or preventing their extinction under conditions that closely resemble their natural habitats. Example Botanical gardens, zoological parks, wildlife safari parks, gene banks, etc.

Question 61. A construction worker was not allowed to cut trees in a village due to protests made by villagers that the trees were sacred to them. Would you support them? What values do you gather from this instance? Answer: Yes, I would support them. The sacred groves are protected areas which are of religious and cultural value to native people. Values shown by villagers are care and concern towards environment and courage.

Question 62. During a class tour to a botanical garden, Mamta saw that many plant species were present there, which are no more found in the wild. She asked her teacher about how these rare species cultivated and protected in such areas? (i) Botanical gardens and zoos, etc., represent which mode of biodiversity conservation? (ii) Mention the factors responsible for the extinction of biodiversity. (iii) What values do you observe in Mamta? Answer: (i) Ex situ mode of conservation, where threatened animals and plants are placed in special care units. (ii) Overexploitation of resources, fragmentation of habitats and introduction of alien species with native flora and fauna. (iii) Environment friendly, intelligent, observant and curious.

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Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Notes (Handwritten Short & Revision Notes)

Scoring higher marks in questions related to the Class 12 Biology chapter is not that difficult, it just needs proper understanding of topics with the help of Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 notes and in practising a vast amount of questions. Through this students can build a strong foundation for the chapter Biodiversity and Conservation as well as it can be helpful in completing other chapters. 

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Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Notes PDF Download links are given on this page as well as the steps to download the PDF are given below.

Where Can You Find Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Notes?

Students can find the Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 notes from the Selfstudys website, steps to download are explained below: 

• Visit the Selfstudys website. 
• Bring the arrow towards the CBSE which can be seen in the navigation bar/ button. Select New Revision notes from the given list.

• A new page will appear, select Class 12th from the list of classes.

• Again a new page will appear, select the Biodiversity and Conservation to access the Notes. 

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes 2024-25

• Revision Notes

CBSE Biology Notes Class 12 - Free PDF Download

Biology is an interesting subject, and the plus two Biology Notes come in handy to prepare you well for the Class 12 exams. Biology notes Class 12 NCERT made by experts at Vedantu cover the latest CBSE curriculum , and these are the well-researched CBSE notes that let students understand the topic clearly. Biology Notes Class 12 are beneficial for a quick review because the subject matter experts make these. Students can refer to these notes online or even download the PDF version and refer to the Biology Notes Class 12 whenever they wish to.

Detailed Overview of Class 12 Biology Notes

Download CBSE Biology Notes for Class 12 Chapter wise PDF 2024-25 

Also, check CBSE Class 12 notes for other chapters:

Class 12 Biology Notes PDF

Biology Class 12 notes PDF help students to brush up on the important topics before the exam. These notes let students make the most of their time and prepare well for the exam. The Biology Notes for Class 12 Chapter wise PDF is available on Vedantu, and students can download it and refer to it at their own pace and can be downloaded for free, and students can access it even without an internet connection to revise the topics on the go.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Weightage 2024-25 

Quick Overview on CBSE Biology Class 12 Notes:

Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organism – Our Notesrevision notes cover the vital concept of how species can live and survive through reproduction. It explains how reproduction is essential for the continuity of any gene.

Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - The crucial notes covered in the chapter explains morphology, the structure and the process of sexual reproduction in the flowering plants and how the parts of the flower are formed.

Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction – Our Notesrevision notes cover the male and female reproductive system details. It explains the structure of the sperm and how chromosomes get formed.

Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health - Our Notesrevision notes cover details about the reproductive health issues and its strategies, birth control and population explosion.

Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Our Notesrevision notes cover hereditary, genetic disorders, sex determination in humans and the definition of the chromosomes.

Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance – The crucial notes covered in this chapter talk about the genome, a cookbook of life.

Chapter 7 – Evolution – The notes that are covered in this chapter are crucial as it explains the concept of Evolutionary Biology, which is the study of the history of the life forms on earth. It explains the origin of the universe and also talks about the theories through experiments.

Chapter 8 – Human Health and Disease – The crucial notes covered in this chapter tell everything about human health and diseases. It explains how the recent advancement in science and technology have been able to decrease the rate of mortality.

Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production – Our Notesrevision notes cover animal breeding, outbreeding and various topics like animal husbandry and germplasm.

Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare – Our CBSE Class 12 Biology notes PDF explain how microbes are beneficial and detrimental to the welfare of human beings. It also explains how microbes are used in vaccination and how they also act as biocontrol agents.

Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes – Our Notesrevision notes cover how biotechnology is useful to the welfare of human beings.

Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its Applications - The crucial notes covered in the chapter talks about how Biology is used to develop technologies and products. It explains the use of Biology in agriculture and other spheres of life.

Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations – The crucial notes that are covered in this chapter builds on the students' understanding of the relationship between the organisms and the environment that it stays in.

Chapter 14 – Ecosystem – Our Notesrevision notes cover details about the functional unit of nature and our ecosystem and explain how the living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment of their surroundings.

Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation – Our Notesrevision notes cover the topics on the magnitude of biodiversity, its levels and the threats to biodiversity.

Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues – Our notes explains about pollution and how it is a threat to the environment.

For the 12 th Biology Board, the Distribution of Marks Are as Follows

The theory paper constitutes total - 70 marks 

Practicals constitute total - 30 marks 

Subjective Questions benefits For Biology Class 12 Notes:

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes - Vedantu’s Comprehensive Notes

Class 12 Biology is definitely one of the most important subjects in the academic routine of a student. In Class 12, the importance of learning the concepts of Biology is increased since students are introduced to exclusive topics in this class. These topics are also important from the entrance point of view. Students who have a strong conceptual foundation in Biology can go on to build a good career in that field. Talking about the syllabus of Class 12 Biology , there are 5 units and a total of 16 different chapters in the syllabus. To complete the syllabus of Class 12 biology, students will need to download Biology notes Class 12 from Vedantu.

The subject matter experts at Vedantu have prepared elaborate and well-explained Notes for the Biology chapters. Students will get to learn different concepts such as Reproduction, Biotechnology, Ecology, Environment, Human Welfare, Genetics, Evolution, and so much more. With the help of Class 12th Biology Notes , students will be able to delve deeper into the chapters and build a strong foundation in the field of biology. This will enable them to gain more knowledge about the topics and hence they can easily score high marks in the exams. Following the Notes will allow students to improve their answering skills in the exams by following the CBSE standards as well.

Benefits of Biology Notes Class 12 PDF Download

The main advantage of having Class 12 Biology Notes is that you will be able to gain in-depth knowledge about all the chapters and topics in the textbook. This will help you understand the chapters in detail and enhance your chances to score high in the exams.

Using the Notes as a proper evaluation tool, you will be able to test your level of preparation in the best way. Follow the notes to see the areas where you need improvement and work on your errors accordingly.

These Notes are excellent for doubt clarifications as well. For instance, if you are facing difficulties in the first chapter of the Biology syllabus , the Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Notes will be able to help clear your doubts.

The Vedantu experts have created these Notes according to the CBSE guidelines . After thoroughly going through the question papers of previous years, some of the most important topics were highlighted in the notes. Thus, students can study the notes and figure out the chapters that have significant weightage in the examination. This will help them prepare a strategy beforehand to score good marks.

When it comes to revision, students don’t have much time before the exams because they need to read the chapters again and again. Use the Biology Notes Class 12 PDF to your advantage. This will save a lot of time.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Study Materials

With the Class 12 Biology Notes , your study sessions will definitely become much more organised and productive. You will be able to download the notes whenever required and store them to access later on. Refer to the notes according to your convenience and build a proper study routine. Go for Class 12 Biology Notes PDF Download to boost your preparation.

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes 2024-25

1. How to make the maximum use of the Chapter 12 Biology revision notes?

Once you go through the chapter, you can read through the revision notes of that particular Biology chapter. To make the maximum use of these notes, download the notes on your smartphone or any device that you use in your study. The benefits of downloading these notes are that you do not need an internet connection when you need to refer to them again. You can then go through these notes when you are revising the topic. If you feel stuck on any topic, then the categorized notes let you click on the chapter you wish to brush upon.

2. What is the necessity of the revision notes?

Revision is important, be it any subject. Any learning is not complete without proper revision. For better academic performance, students must do proper revision. Revision helps students to recall information. Those students who do not revise well tend to get confused and commit mistakes in the examination. They may also develop anxiety and stress, which in turn, hinders their exam performance. These revision notes are handy and come in use, especially during the exams. Revision is an important aspect, and once you download these revision notes, all you need to do is go through the topics you struggle with and revise them fast.

3. Which chapter in Class 12 Biology requires time to prepare for the examination?

Chapters like “Evolution” and “Principles of Inheritance and Variation” require more concentration as they are very vast. You have to read these chapters again and again and make notes out of them or you can refer to Class 12 Biology   Notes on  Vedantu online which you can print and keep with you. Biology is a theoretical subject and you need to read it thoroughly to understand the topics. Hence, give extra time and effort to these topics so that you can score well in your board exams.

4. Which book should I prefer to prepare for Class 12 Biology?

NCERT Biology book is the best book, from which you should prepare for your board examination. NCERT is exhaustive in itself and it has all diagrams and questions which are asked in the examination. Students generally switch to reference books but they should stick to NCERT as it is sufficient from the viewpoint of exam preparation. Reference books are good, but instead of dwelling into depth, you should refer to Class 12 Biology Notes on Vedantu which will provide you with the concepts easily and exhaustively. Vedantu also provides the NCERT Solutions free of cost which are available on the official website and the Vedantu app.

5. Are learning diagrams necessary in Class 12 Biology?

Yes, diagrams hold a very crucial place in Biology. Without diagrams, you cannot imagine what the texts are. These diagrams allow you to learn things easily as you can imagine all things you saw in that diagram. For example, the human eye is a complicated concept but with a diagram, you can remember the terms which are marked. Also, in the board exam, you need to take care of the length of the answer. With diagrams, you can increase the volume of your answer and it will enhance what you’ve written.

6. Is it important to make notes in Class 12 Biology?

Yes, it is important to make notes in Biology, as the concepts it contains are very vast. These concepts cannot be remembered just by reading the chapter. You cannot retain what you read in the beginning till your examination. That is why notes play a major role in your preparation. By making notes, you can be confident about your preparation. These notes will be helpful for you in the long run as the concepts get extended in future degrees so you can have the basics with you always.

7. Is Class 12 Biology a tough subject?

It depends on your preparation. If you have prepared well then it will not bother you, but if you’ve not prepared then you will struggle writing answers. Though being a theory subject, Biology is fact-based. You cannot write anything on your own. Biology is a mixture of diagrams, theories, and facts. It also has rules, similar to Physics or Chemistry. The best way to learn Biology concepts is to read the NCERT textbook and material that is provided on Vedantu, as everything is written in an easy language.

8. How many chapters have been covered in the NCERT solutions for class 12 Biology?

The NCERT book for class 12 Biology prescribed by CBSE consists of a total of 16 chapters. Talk about various concepts in detail like reproduction, genetics, evolution, environmental issues, and biotechnology, etc. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology provided by Vedantu cover all 16 chapters with well-explained answers, revision notes, and a list of important questions as well. Students can find the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology here.

Revision Notes for Class 12

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