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UN Peacekeeping

Last updated on July 24, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

The UN peacekeeping marks its 75 th anniversary this year and a yearlong campaign has been organized for the same. UN Peacekeeping has been one of the most important tools for mitigating conflict and promoting peace and security around the globe. Read here to learn more.

The Department of Peace Operations of the UN plays the function of peacekeeping as an “instrument developed by the organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace”.

Although the United Nations acknowledges that all actions are “mutually reinforcing” and that overlap between them is common in practice, it is separated from peacebuilding, peacemaking, and peace enforcement.

The theme of the 75th anniversary “ Peace begins with me ” recognizes the service and sacrifice of peacekeepers, past and present. It also pays tribute to the resilience of the communities that we serve, who continue to strive for peace despite many obstacles.

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In 1948, the first UN peacekeeping mission, “UN Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO)” began operations in Palestine.

Peacekeepers support former combatants in carrying out any peace accords they may have signed while monitoring and documenting peace processes in post-conflict areas.

• Such aid can take many different forms, such as separating former combatants, establishing power-sharing agreements, supporting election processes, enhancing the rule of law, and promoting economic and social growth.
• Accordingly, military people, law enforcement officers, and civilians can all be UN peacekeepers, sometimes known as “Blue Berets” or “Blue Helmets” because of their light blue berets or helmets.

The UN has no standing army or police force of its own, and Member States are asked to contribute military and police personnel required for each operation.

• Peacekeepers wear their countries’ uniforms and are identified as UN peacekeepers only by a UN blue helmet or beret and a badge.
• Civilian staff of peace operations are international civil servants, recruited and deployed by the UN Secretariat.

Three basic principles continue to set UN peacekeeping operations apart as a tool for maintaining international peace and security.

These three principles are inter-related and mutually reinforcing:

Consent of the parties

Impartiality

Non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate

• UN peacekeeping operations are deployed with the consent of the main parties to the conflict.
• This requires a commitment by the parties to a political process. Their acceptance of a peacekeeping operation provides the UN with the necessary freedom of action, both political and physical, to carry out its mandated tasks.
• In the absence of such consent, a peacekeeping operation risks becoming a party to the conflict, being drawn towards enforcement action, and away from its fundamental role of keeping the peace.
• Impartiality is crucial to maintaining the consent and cooperation of the main parties, but should not be confused with neutrality or inactivity.
• United Nations peacekeepers should be impartial in their dealings with the parties to the conflict, but not neutral in the execution of their mandate.
• UN peacekeeping operations are not an enforcement tool. However, they may use force at the tactical level, with the authorization of the Security Council, if acting in self-defense and defense of the mandate.

The Security Council has a vital role in securing this commitment and cooperation while providing missions with realistic and clear mandates.

Peacekeepers protect civilians, actively prevent conflict, reduce violence, strengthen security, and empower national authorities to assume these responsibilities.

• This requires a coherent security and peacebuilding strategy that supports the political strategy.
• UN peacekeeping helps host countries to become more resilient to conflict, laying the groundwork to sustain long-term peace, including by addressing the root causes of conflict.

Functions of UN Peacekeeping

UN peacekeeping is also committed to working smarter and using modern technology as well as other innovations. All of this allows our peacekeepers to:

• Protect civilians
• Prevent conflicts
• Build Rule of Law and security institutions
• Promote human rights
• Empower women
• Deliver field support

Peacekeepers are called upon not only to maintain peace and security but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, and assist in the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants.

• They also play a key role in supporting democratic efforts such as organizing elections, protecting and promoting human rights, and assisting in the creation and restoration of the rule of law.

Peacekeeping in Africa

• Africa continues to have more peacekeeping missions than any other continent. Since 1960, there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa, the most of any region.

India and Peacekeeping

India has a rich legacy of contribution to UN Peacekeeping operations and is one of the largest contributors of troops.

• It has contributed approximately 2,75,000 troops to peacekeeping missions so far, with around 5,900 troops currently deployed in 12 UN Missions.
• Indian Army personnel have operated under difficult conditions in challenging terrains and have displayed exemplary professionalism, humane approach, courage, and valor, to the extent of making the supreme sacrifice to defend the UN mandates.
• 159 Indian Army soldiers have made the supreme sacrifice to ensure peace across the globe.
• Apart from the current deployment, India has pledged one Infantry Battalion Group and Corvette with Helicopter, as hard power and an Engineer Company & Signal Company as Force enablers, to be deployed at the behest of the UN.
• The Indian Army has established a Centre for UN Peacekeeping (CUNPK) in New Delhi to impart niche training in peacekeeping operations.

In keeping with the need for women peacekeepers in conflict areas under UN mandate, India has deployed Female Engagement Teams (FETs) in MONUSCO and UNISFA (the second largest women contingent after Liberia).

• India has also deployed Women Military Police in UNDOF and women staff officers / military observers in various missions.

UN peacekeeping missions on the continent have been criticized for a wide range of problems, including mismanagement, failure to act when civilians are under threat, rights abuses by peacekeepers, and financing troubles.

• Peacekeeping forces have also been accused of committing human rights abuses, including pervasive allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation.
• Though UN investigations into such allegations have increased in recent years, very few lead to prosecutions and none has resulted in a public conviction.
• UN peacekeepers have immunity from prosecution in the countries where they are deployed, leaving their home countries to undertake legal action.
• Some critics argue that peacekeeping missions are too costly given their mixed success, and that they are too reliant on funding from a few major donors.
• The veto power of the Security Council’s permanent members can delay or weaken peacekeeping mandates, such as in Sudan’s Darfur region.

The challenges faced by peacekeepers are greater than ever, with rising global tensions, more complex conflict, and a proliferation of misinformation and disinformation, which impedes their work and threatens their safety.

Despite these obstacles, peacekeepers persevere, alongside many partners, in the collective pursuit of peace.

More than fifty thousand troops are deployed for UN operations in Africa and tens of thousands more are deployed for regionally led missions in countries where civil wars and insurgencies have killed civilians and threatened to destabilize surrounding regions.

• Reports of sexual and other abuses by UN peacekeepers have drawn particular condemnation in recent years and prompted some reforms.
• Still, heated debate persists about how to make these missions more effective, such as by looking to non-UN initiatives to bring peace to conflict-stricken parts of Africa.

In 2018, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres launched the Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative.

• It focuses on developing more targeted peacekeeping mandates with clear political strategies, improving the safety of peacekeepers as well as civilians in mission areas, and better training troops.
• In tandem, the Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution aimed at improving leadership and accountability in peacekeeping, in response to the reports of sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers.

-Article written by Swathi Satish

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Terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. It is a global phenomenon that affects people from all walks of life, regardless of their nationality, religion, or ethnicity . 

What is Terrorism?

• In legal terms, although the international community has yet to adopt a comprehensive definition of terrorism, it is commonly understood to refer to acts of violence that target civilians in the pursuit of political or ideological aims.
• The Global Terrorism Index defines terrorism as ‘the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion or intimidation’.
• The nature of terrorism today is shifting from traditional international terrorism of the late 20th century into a new form of transnational non-state warfare , backed modern warfare & digital technologies .

Recent Context-

• India is ranked 13th on The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2023, indicating its position among the countries significantly impacted by terrorism.
• The report highlights that Afghanistan remains the most affected country by terrorism, maintaining this status for the fourth consecutive year.

Types of Terrorism

Factors Leading to Spread of Terrorism

• g: Chechen terrorists in Russia.
• g: Religious persecution of people from Ahmadiyya community in Pakistan.
• g: Terrorism in Somalia, which is one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• g: Taliban was formed in the early 1990s by Afghan mujahideen who had resisted the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (1979–89) with the covert backing of the CIA and its Pakistani counterpart, the Inter-Services Intelligence directorate (ISI).
• g: Mass gun shooting incidents in USA.

Challenges in controlling Terrorism

India specific

• Hostile neighbourhood which is breeding ground for terrorism
• Lack of citizen participation and private sector participation in beefing up the security apparatus
• absence of “bottom up” security architecture.
• Weak coordination between various security agencies.
• Presence of antinational element and insurgent group.

Global level

• Narrow Global War on Terrorism (GWOT):  The first challenge is that the “Global War on Terrorism” (GWOT), as it was conceived by a post 9/11 United States, is over with the withdrawal of the USA from Afghanistan, as the United States negotiated with the Taliban, and then withdrew from Afghanistan.
• Divided UN security council: In a polarized world divided opinion in the security council regarding the fight against terrorism.
• Toothless FATF: The decision of FATF is mostly affected by geopolitical trends around the world. This affects counterterrorism efforts negatively at global level.
• Linkages with organized crime: We are going study detail about this topic under separate heading

Terrorism & Technology

Use of Technology in propagating Terrorism/Extremism

• Multimedia communications providing ideological or practical instruction, explanations, justifications or promotion of terrorist activities.
• Modes - virtual messages, presentations, magazines, treatises, audio and video files and video games developed by terrorist organizations or sympathizers.
• Internet provides access to global pool of potential recruits , with ‘precise targeting’ of the poor & marginalized, disillusioned youth, minors, gender specific targeting etc.
• Lone wolf attacks by self-radicalised individuals using sources on the widely unregulated internet. For eg. In New Zealand, Paris, Bangladesh, Australia, UK etc.
• Modes - Internet chat groups, Encrypted messages of Whatsapp, etc.
• Use of digital transactions to raise finances for terror and to launder money.
• Direct solicitation , e-commerce , Exploitation of online payment tools , Charitable organizations
• On how to join terrorist organizations, construct explosives, firearms or other weapons, and plan and execute terrorist attacks.
• Modes – detailed online manuals, audio and video clips, information and advice.
• For eg. Inspire is an online magazine allegedly published by Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula with the stated objective of enabling Muslims to train for jihad at home.
• Use of sophisticated Encrypted communication , UAVs, GPS Technology to plan and coordinate cross border terror attacks.
• During Uri and Pathankot attacks, GPS was used to infiltrate from blind spots of Border security agencies.
• Use of IED in Maoist areas with attacks remotely coordinated using mobile and satellite phones.
• 26/11 attack and use of satellite phones.
• Weaponized drones used by ISIS in Iraq.
• 3D printers – In 2019, the attacker of a German synagogue used 3D-printed components of the home-made weapons.
• Cyber-attack/Terrorism is an emerging threat that can potentially target critical infrastructure like power transmission, banking, nuclear installations etc. India has witnessed 3 rd highest number of cyber-attacks in the world.

Uses of the internet for countering terrorist activity

• Gathering of intelligence- []  proactively prevent, detect and deter terrorist activity.
• Gathering of evidence for the prosecution of Terrorist acts
• Counter-narratives & Awareness creation
• Cross border Anti-terrorism Cooperation & coordination

Global measures to break terrorism - technology nexus

• Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) – Set up in 2017 by Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter, and YouTube , dedicated to disrupting terrorist abuse of members’ digital platforms.
• Global Counterterrorism Forum – International forum to reduce the vulnerability of people worldwide to terrorism.
• Tech Against Terrorism - launched and supported by the United Nations Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate . Aims at supporting the tech industry tackle terrorist exploitation of the internet, whilst respecting human rights.
• The UN Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact

Counter Terrorism: Institutional & Legal provisions

• Counter Terrorism and Counter Radicalization (CTCR) Division – set up within MHA. It deals with matters relating to policy and operational issues on terrorism.
• National Investigation Agency (NIA) as a Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency.
• Multi Agency Centre (MAC) - created as a multi-agency intelligence coordination mechanism for counter terrorism.
• National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) - A framework that leverages Information Technology to enhance the country’s counter terrorism capability.
• Combating Financing of Terrorism Cell - in the MHA deals with the policy matters on Combating Terrorist Financing (CFT) and Fake Indian Currency notes (FICN).
• National Security Guard
• Recent amendments: The Parliament recently passed
• Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019 allowing the Centre and States to designate individuals as terrorists and seize their property.
• National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Act, 2019 - to allow NIA to probe terrorist acts against Indians and Indian interests abroad. It also seeks to allow NIA to investigate cases of human trafficking, counterfeit currency or bank notes, manufacture or sale of prohibited arms, cyber-terrorism etc.

Way Forward 

• Enhance intelligence sharing.
• Address root causes: socio-economic factors, political grievances, and ideological indoctrination.
• Strengthen international cooperation.
• Improve border security.
• Counter online radicalization.
• Strengthen legal frameworks.
• Build community resilience.
• Invest in capacity building and training.
• Enhance international humanitarian efforts.

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Israel-Palestine Conflict and India-Explained Pointwise

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• 1.1 Historical Timeline of Israel-Palestine Dispute
• 1.2 Current Situation of Israel-Palestine territories
• 2 What are the reasons for the Israel-Palestine Dispute?
• 3 What are the Global Ramifications of the Conflict?
• 4 What has been India’s position on the Israel-Palestine Conflict?
• 5 What diplomatic and political efforts can help India protect its geopolitical interests? 
• 6 What will be the impact of the Israel-Palestine Conflict on India?
• 7 What should be the way forward?

Israel-Palestine Conflict has again grabbed the international headlines. On October 7,2023, Palestinian militant organisation Hamas attacked Israel that left at least 400 people dead. The retaliatory attacks from Israel have led to the deaths of more than 300 people in the Gaza Strip as on 8th October 2023. Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warned of a “ long and difficult ” war. This may add another war in the long drawn history of Israel-Palestine conflict.

What is Israel-Palestine Conflict?

Israel-Palestine Conflict- The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the world’s longest-running and most controversial conflicts. It is a conflict between two self-determination movements- the Jewish nationalist project and the Palestinian nationalist project , in the same territory.

Status of Israel and Palestine- The claims of both Jews and Arab Muslims date back to a couple of thousand years. However the current political conflict began in the early 20th century. Since then, there has been a gradual expansion of territory occupied by Israel and today Palestinians are confined to only two regions – West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Historical Timeline of Israel-Palestine Dispute

Increasing Israel’s area under occupation- Explained through Map

Current Situation of Israel-Palestine territories

Read More- Forum IAS

What are the reasons for the Israel-Palestine Dispute?

With the Israel-Palestine dispute again back in focus, we must look at the reasons for this dispute.

Normalisation of Relations between Israel and Arab World- Abraham Accords  was signed between Israel and UAE, Bahrain in 2020. Later Sudan and Morocco joined in 2020. Saudi Arabia and Israel have also been coming together for various economic projects like IMEC. Hamas wants to disrupt this normalisation of relation between Israel and the Arab countries.

Hamas’s aim of taking leadership of Palestinian cause from the Palestinian Authority(PA)- The Palestinian Authority (PA) is the official government of the Palestinians that signed the Oslo Peace Accords with Israel but it never resulted in the promised Palestinian state. The PA today is riddled with corruption, misgovernance and has lost  legitimacy. Hamas through this attack has been trying to take leadership of the Palestinian cause from the PA.

Support to Hamas operations by Hezbollah ,Iran and Qatar- Hamas is being provided logistical, technological and intelligence support by terrorist organisations like Hezbollah operating in Lebanon and funding by Iran and Qatar.

Unresolved Jerusalem Dispute- Both Israel and the Palestinians hold competing claims to the city. Israel, which occupied the formerly Jordanian-held eastern part in 1967, regards the whole of Jerusalem as its capital. The Palestinians insist on East Jerusalem as their future capital. This has resulted in Intifada like the Al-aqsa intifada.

Increasing Israeli Settlements in West Bank- Since 1967, Israel has built about 140 settlements in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem. They are considered illegal by most of the international community, though Israel disputes this. Palestinians say all settlements must be removed for a Palestinian state to be viable.

Border Dispute- Israel and Palestine have dispute on the border. Palestinians insist on borders based on ceasefire lines which separated Israel and East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza between 1949 and 1967. However, Israel insists on an extended eastern border stretching up to the Jordan River.

No Consensus on Palestinian Statehood- No consensus has been developed over the status of Palestinian Statehood among PLO and Israeli officials . Further Israel insists that any peace deal must include Palestinian recognition of it as the “nation-state of the Jewish people”.

Political Division among Palestinians- The Palestinians remain politically divided between Fatah and Hamas , and thus are unable to negotiate jointly. Further, Israel is unwilling to negotiate with the violent group Hamas. 

Lack of pursual of peace process- Both Israel and Hamas have not been following the path to achieve peace in the region.  Israel has continued to build settlements in the West Bank, raising security barriers and checkpoints, limiting Palestinian movements, and never hesitating to use force or collective punishment to keep organised Palestinians under check. But the recent attacks from Hamas killing 700 Israelis does not help the Palestinian cause. It has only escalated the conflict.

What are the Global Ramifications of the Conflict?

Disrupt the geopolitical realignment Process in Middle East- Middle East in recent times has been witnessing geopolitical realignments from the Israel-Arab reconciliation to the Iran-Saudi détente.  However the recent conflict will disrupt this peace and normalisation process being pursued by middle eastern countries.

Make the Middle East as theatre of War- Middle East had been a theatre of War with Wars like Gulf War, Iraq war, 6 day war. The recent conflict has potential to become a full blown war with involvement of foreign powers like US, EU. This would make the region a theatre for proxy wars like US and Iran.

Disrupt the global connectivity projects and global transport routes- The envisaged projects like India Middle East Economic Corridor (IMEC) will be disrupted by this prolonged conflict. The escalation of the conflict would endanger the strategic supply routes like the Strait of Hormuz and the red sea.

Disrupt the Global supply Chains and increase Inflation- The escalation of the conflict will impact the oil production and supply of goods . This will further increase inflation which has already been rattling the world economy.

What has been India’s position on the Israel-Palestine Conflict?

India’s Position on the Israel-Palestine conflict is tabulated below-

What will be the impact of the Israel-Palestine Conflict on India?

India through its support for Israel has chosen sides in the recent conflict. However any prolonged conflict will not augur well for India.

Impacts our De-hypenation and West Asia Policy-  India had been successfully implementing its de-hyphenation policy in the region. India’s relation with both the Arab World and Israel has improved. However the current conflict puts India in a diplomatic tightspot to choose one side. India cannot afford to loose either.

Increase in Inflation- Any prolonged conflict in the Middle East will impact the oil and gas production. Inflation in the country will further increase as India is heavily dependent upon imported oil and gas.

Depreciation of the Indian Rupee-  The conflict will impact the inflow of FPI and FDI in the Indian financial market. Increase in oil prices will further increase India’s Current Account Deficit(CAD). All these will lead to depreciation of the Indian rupee.

Effect on the India Israel Trade-  Israel is a major defence and strategic partner of India. Involvement of Israel for a long period in the conflict will drastically reduce the trade between India- Israel. In FY23, India’s total exports to Israel stood at $8.4 billion while India’s imports from Israel were at $2.3 billion. 

Reduction of the remittances from West Asia and safety of Indian emigrants- India has a large diaspora and emigrant population in West Asia. These are a source of large amount of remittance to India(~40 bn dollars). If the conflict turns into a full blown war across the middle east, India will be severely impacted. The remittances will plummet. Safe Evacuation of the Indian diaspora will also be a grave challenge.

What should be the way forward?

The recent Israel-Palestine dispute can turn into a major crisis if the global leadership does not act in time. Following methods should be adopted for early resolution of the dispute.

Adoption of the Arab Peace Initiative offer- This offer was proposed by the Saudi Arabia in the name of all Arab countries in 2002. This offer required the creation of a Palestinian state on the lands Israel occupied in the Six-Day War of 1967. In return, Israel would be fully recognised and accepted. .This offer can be the only basis for a lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians.

Need to treat it as Israel-Arab conflict rather that Israel-Palestine(Hamas) conflict- The conflict is not only between Israel and Palestine but also with other Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, Iran, Syria . All of them should participate in the negotiations and the final agreement should be recognized formally by each one of them along with UN general assembly and security council.

UNSC must step up-  UNSC must broker a peace talk between the two warring fractions . Global leadership platforms must be used to not let middle east become another theatre for warfare.

Ensure proper adherence to UNSC resolution 2334- UNSC resolution 2334 concerns the Israeli settlements in Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem.The illegal Israel settlements in West Bank must be removed at the earliest.

Follow the ICC ruling of February 2021- The February 2021 International Criminal Court (ICC) ruling should be implemented in spirit. It allows the ICC to investigate persons committing war crimes in the Palestinian Territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

India should act as a mediator- India has good relations with both the Arab World and Israel. Instead of India choosing side in the war, it must use its soft power and diplomatic outreach to solve the dispute.

The world is at inflexion point today after COVID and the Ukraine-Russia war. We cannot let another war continue which will disrupt the global supply chains. The international community must try to instill peace among the two states. Further any successful peace initiative would need to resolve the four core issues that have plagued the peace process- West Bank borders/settlements , Israeli security, Palestinian refugees, and Jerusalem.

Read More- Indian Express 

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United Nations (UN)

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Table of Contents

• What is United Nations Organisation and its objectives
• What are the events and factors that culminated in the creation of the UN and its evolution
• What is the organizational structure of the UN
• What is the composition of the UN
• What are the significant contributions of the UN
• What are the challenges and limitations of the UN
• How can the UN become a better institution of global governance

Prelims:   Current events of national and international importance.

Mains:   Important International Institutions, agencies and fora - their Structure, Mandate.

What is United Nations Organisation and its objectives?

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that was established with the purpose of promoting international cooperation and maintaining peace and security among its member states. 

• UN Charter: The Charter consists of a preamble and 111 articles grouped into 19 chapters. The preamble consists of two principal parts as follows 

• To develop friendly relations among nations
• To promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
• To achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems
• To serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

What are the events and factors that culminated in the creation of the UN and its evolution?

• 1920 : The League of Nations was an international organisation founded on January 10, 1920, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I.
• 1941 : during World War II, representatives from 26 countries signed the Atlantic Charter , which called for the establishment of a post-war organization to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.
• The UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, after the ratification of the UN Charter by the majority of its founding members.
• 1946 : The first meeting of the UN General Assembly was held in London in January 1946. The Assembly is the main policymaking and representative body of the UN.
• 1947 :  the UN established the International Court of Justice , which is the principal judicial organ of the UN.
• 1948 : the UN adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , which outlines fundamental human rights that should be protected around the world.
• Till present : Over the years, the UN has grown to include 193 member states and has played a key role in many global issues, including peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and human rights.

What is the organizational structure of the UN?

The United Nations (UN) has six principal organs . Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.

• The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
• The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council after a period of 5 years.

What is the composition of the UN?

• Membership : All the undisputed independent states, apart from Vatican City, are members of the United Nations. South Sudan, which joined in 2011, has joined recently, making a total of 193 UN member states.
• Membership is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
• The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will come into effect after a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
• The Holy See (holds sovereignty over Vatican City)
• The State of Palestine.
• The Cook Islands and Niue , both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had the treaty-making capacity recognized by the Secretariat.

What are the significant contributions of the UN?

• Cambodia (1992-1993)
• Mozambique (1992-1994)
• El Salvador (1991-1995)
• Guatemala (1997-1997)
• Ex: UN played a crucial role in resolving the conflict in Cambodia in the 1990s, which resulted in free and fair elections, and the establishment of a democratic government.
• Humanitarian aid: The UN provides essential humanitarian aid to people affected by conflicts, natural disasters, and other crises worldwide. For instance, it has been instrumental in providing aid to the Rohingya refugees who fled from Myanmar to Bangladesh .
• Development support: The UN has played a vital role in promoting economic and social development in many countries through its specialized agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF, and WHO. These agencies have helped in reducing poverty, promoting education, and improving healthcare in many countries.

What are the challenges and limitations of the UN?

• Inability to prevent some conflicts: Despite its efforts to maintain international peace and security, the UN has been unable to prevent some significant conflicts, such as the Rwandan genocide, the Bosnian War, and the ongoing Syrian civil war.
• Limited effectiveness: The UN has been criticized for its ineffectiveness in addressing global issues such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. This is attributed to its complex bureaucratic structures and decision-making processes.
• Funding challenges: It relies on funding from member states, which sometimes creates uncertainties. Some rich member states have been accused of not meeting their financial obligations, resulting in inadequate funding for programmes and activities.
• Conflicts and disputes: The UN is often called upon to mediate and resolve conflicts between or within countries. However, its ability to do so is often hampered by the lack of cooperation from some member states or by the complexity of the issues at hand.
• Limited authority : The UN is not a world government and has limited authority over its member states. As a result, it is often difficult for the UN to enforce its decisions or hold member states accountable for their actions.
• Political influence: The UN's decision-making processes can be influenced by political considerations, which can lead to divisions and gridlock within the organization.
• Poverty and Inequality: Despite efforts to address poverty and inequality, progress has been slow, and many people around the world continue to live in extreme poverty and face discrimination and marginalization.

How can the UN become a better institution of global governance?

UN can enhance its contribution towards the world through the following ways::

• Increase funding: The UN's ability to carry out its mission is limited by the resources it has at its disposal. Therefore, increasing funding could allow the UN to expand its efforts and have a greater impact.
• Strengthen partnerships: The UN could work on strengthening partnerships with other organizations and countries to achieve common goals. This would allow the UN to leverage the expertise and resources of its partners and work together towards common objectives.
• Focus on conflict prevention: Conflict prevention is often more cost-effective than responding to crises after they occur. Therefore, the UN could focus on developing more effective conflict prevention strategies to help reduce the likelihood of conflict.
• Increase involvement of civil society: The UN could increase the involvement of civil society in its work. This would allow the UN to tap into the knowledge and expertise of a wider range of stakeholders and ensure that its work is more inclusive.
• Prioritize climate change: Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. The UN could prioritize climate change and work on developing effective strategies to mitigate its impact and help countries adapt to the changing climate.
• Strengthen accountability: The UN could work on strengthening accountability mechanisms to ensure that its efforts are effective and transparent. This could include improving monitoring and evaluation systems, as well as increasing transparency in decision-making processes.

Previous Year Questions(PYQs)

Q) Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic. ( 2020 )

Q) ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.’ Discuss the statement in the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti-Israel bias’. ( 2019 )

Q) What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it. ( 2017 )

Q) Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations. ( 2017 )

Q) With reference to the United Nations General Assembly, consider the following statements :( 2022 )

• The UN General Assembly can grant observer status to the no non-member States.
• Inter-governmental organisations can seek observer status in the UN General Assembly.
• Permanent Observers in General Assembly can the UN maintain missions at the UN headquarters.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Q) With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements:

A coastal state has the right to establish

• the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention.
• Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
• The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q) Consider the following statements ( 2021 )

Statement1: The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as 2020 Tree City of the World.

Statement 2: Hyderabad was selected for the recognition for a year following its commitment to grow and maintain the urban forests.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
• Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
• Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct
• Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

Q) where is the headquarters of the united nations.

The United Nations is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, United States. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since 1951.

Q) Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?

The current Secretary-General, and the ninth occupant of the post, is Mr. António Guterres of Portugal, who took office on 1 January 2017.

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Essay on Terrorism and World peace

September 27, 2019 by Sandeep

800+ Words Essay on Terrorism and World peace

G.W. Bush was right when he said, “We do not create terrorism by fighting it, we invite terrorism by ignoring it.” It’s high time to pay attention on this menace and act for it’s permanent solution.

The scourge of terrorism has cast it’s malevolent influence across the world and is a major threat to all of us. It is a global menace and the world needs to come together to fight against it.

Be it terror group like AL-Qaeda, Boko Haram, Deccan Mujahedin or individuals inspired by their barbaric ideology, the terrorist threat has never been so high. The phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters and the massive use of the Internet and social media for recruiting, financing or calling for action has also added a new dimension to the threat.

Origin and People involved

Though the exact origin of terrorism is unknown due to multiple definitions it has been assigned till date, the first use in English of the term ‘terrorism’ occurred during the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror, when the Jacobin, who ruled the revolutionary state, employed violence to win their cause.

Anarchism, often in league with rising nationalism and anti-monarchism, was the most prominent ideology linked with terrorism in the earlier days of it’s origin.

If we talk of the present times, there are multiple terror outfits like Al-Qaeda, Quetla Shura, Lashkar-e-Taiba operating at global level propagating their ghastly ideologies of terror and killings in the name of religion, cultural and economic differences. The question that needs to be addressed is who are the people involved?

There are leaders of terror groups who influence poor, disheartened and inhumane people among general public to join them by luring them and making promises to take care of their families after they, ‘the defenders of religion’ (as these terrorists are referred by them)die for their cause.

Present Scenario

The number of terror attacks is surging day by day. The severities of World Trade centre attack, 26/11 Mumbai attacks , and the recent Pulawama attack in India are unforgettable. These terrorist groups plan attacks targeting populated cities and crowded areas to cause large scale destruction.

Such groups don’t only include active terrorists who perform such heinous acts in action, but also have sleeper cells that are women and men placed in different cities who work for these terror outfits secretly to provide them with all the relevant information for planning attacks. Most surprising and depressing is the inclusion of young children in these acts of severe cruelty.

Severities involved

It is obvious that the problem such terror attacks result into are immense. The large scale loss of lives and infrastructure, the social problems that emerge and the undermining of national interests of developing countries dismantle the very base of peace and development.

Investors shun war zones, traders are wary of markets that might explode at any time , tourists do not travel to hotels that might be commandeered by crazed terrorists. These are all serious hazards for a country seeking to grow and flourish in a globalising world economy. In the Indian context, terrorist unions in Pakistan not only aim to kill and destroy, but also pull down India’s growth, tarnish it’s success story and darken it’s lustre in the world.

If we look at the legal and political aspect of this menace, we find that there has been tensions among nations regarding this for ages. Be it US and Iran or India and Pakistan, terrorism is the cause as well as effect that leaves no room for cooperation in fight against terrorism . Also, these terrorists don’t get caught easily.

Countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan have been a hub of terrorist outfits like ISIS and Al-Qaeda for a long time. The governments present there are either incapable or are not willing to catch and punish them which serves as another motivating factor for these cruel and uncivilised outfits of terror to flourish and spread their illogical ideas among the general public who get influenced and start volunteering them.

Indian Context

The main terrorism threat to India is posed by it’s neighbouring Islam extremist nations of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Ever since Independence, Pakistan’s relations with India have been bedevilled by a dispute over the divided territory of Kashmir.

The resort by Pakistan to the sponsorship of militancy and terrorism within India as an instrument of state policy since the 1980’s has made relations nearly as bad as in the immediate aftermath of independence.

Both the militancy and the response to it by Indian security forces have caused a great loss of life, damaged property and has wrecked the Kashmiri economy which is largely dependent on tourism and sale of handicrafts. Both the countries have suffered gravely by the casualties of terror wars.

Another disturbing concern regarding 26/11 and Pulawama attacks is that they not only caused death and destruction but showed up the limitations of India’s security apparatus too. They dented the worldwide image of India as an emerging economic giant and instead presented it as an insecure and vulnerable ‘soft state’.

Countering Terrorism

There is a need of building international pressure on Pakistan which requires China and Saudi Arabia’s roles as allies of Pakistan. China’s importance to Pakistan is increasing with the gradual American disengagement , and the world knows that friendship with China shields Pakistan against the negative global fallout from its anti -India actions.

Though keeping in mind China’s strategic concerns in supporting Pakistan to balance relations with India makes it difficult to gain their support in rooting out terrorism bases in Pakistan, we can at least give it a try.

Also, there’s a need to close down the training camps, genuinely banning these organisations , cutting off their finances by closing their bank accounts, arresting known inciters of hatred and violence and declaring more filthy minds as of Jaish -e- Mohammad as International terrorists.

The terrorism ideology that blatantly ignores all the ethics and morals is completely a ruthless and inhumane notion that needs to be nipped in the bud.

Some organisations, therefore have come up with the ‘Deradicalization programme’ where a person showing signs/ behaviour of radicalism and is suspicious of joining a terror group in future is made to have deradicalization sessions with counsellors who try to convince them about the negative aspects of the devastating choice they might make and why they should avoid it.

Though it is being supported by governments of various nations, this solution is on the level of general public.Various national governments try to deal with the problem by having discussions with other nations on how to build peace and security together and collaborating with United Nations peacekeepers wing.

Military of nations like US and India also try frequently to pull out the roots of this trouble by attacking the training camps of these terrorists and focusing on strengthening of border security.

United Nations also plays important role. It is being increasingly called upon to coordinate the global fight against terrorism. Eighteen universal instruments against international terrorism have been elaborated within the framework of the United Nations system relating to specific terrorist activities.

In September 2006, UN Member States adopted the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. This was the first time that Member States agreed to a common strategic and operational framework against terrorism.

I personally feel that there’s a need to bring these perpetrators to justice and to dismantle the infrastructure of terror. The disturbing fact about the terrorists involved is that they are so much brainwashed that they have no thoughtfulness or meaning left in their lives.

The reason behind the havoc they create is not any political objective, not asking for a change in government or not seeking anything other than to cause as much damage and death and destruction as possible. Those among them who pretend to be standing up for the cause of Islam end up killing Muslim Civilians too.

It is difficult to escape the conclusion that this kind of terrorism- terrorism as an end in itself, not as a means to something larger, can only be confronted implacably. It just has to be nipped in the bud, ideally before it starts, and if that is not possible, it should be dealt firmly if and when it actually comes.

It’s high time to act together and it’s quite visible that the global forces are coming together and boycotting those nations who let terror outfits build up and flourish. Nations are turning united against this threat, and are conjointly cutting funding for terrorism through decreasing various purchases of oil and other items from organizations aiding terrorist groups.

It’s an old adage that ‘Rome was not built in a day’ that means good things take time and so will take the establishment of world peace. What we need to focus upon is standing united against terrorism and wiping out hatred from this world.

There might be few terrorists who have lost their mind and feelings and lending a helping hand to whom won’t do any good but there might be few innocents among them who out of helplessness and poverty have become a follower of illogical terror ideas.

It’s those innocents for whom we need to show a light of help and love, whom we have to snatch out of this black hole of blind beliefs and injustice, for whom we have to make this idea of universal love, brotherhood and world peace meaningful so that the insane and inhumane ones are unable to find followers , fall down on their knees and give up.

International Day of Peace

The International Day of Peace is celebrated on 21 September , every year, by the United Nations. On this day, the UN sends invites to nations and people to honour a cessation of hostilities during the Day, also to commemorate the Day through education and public awareness on issues related to peace. This day is also called  World Peace Day.

As UPSC surprises aspirants with questions linked with what usually is assumed to be trivia; it is advisable that one must scroll through the facts about International Day of Peace to get the basic information. It can be asked in UPSC Prelims from the section of current affairs, if at all asked.

Facts about International Day of Peace

Read the below-mentioned facts and aid your IAS Exam preparation along with other competitive exams’ preparation. 

The topic can be asked as a Current Affairs Question in IAS Prelims. Visit the attached link to attempt practice quizzes on current affairs .

To read more about the other Important International and National days click on the link. Such days and events become very important for UPSC Prelims.

About International Day of Peace, 2021

• The idea behind observing International Day Of Peace is to strengthen the ideals of peace by observing 24 hours of non-violence and cease-fire . The day promotes global solidarity to build a peaceful and sustainable world for future generations.
• Theme of International Day of Peace in year 2021 was “ Recovering better for an equitable and sustainable world ”. 
• The focus of the theme was to help everyone build resilience, to recover better  and to transform the world into a place which is more just, equal, equitable, inclusive, sustainable & healthier.
• In the digital age the day also aims to celebrate peace by standing up against acts of hate online and offline. During the pandemic it becomes even more significant to observe peace by spreading compassion, kindness and hope.

Background of International Day Of Peace

• The International Day of Peace was established in 1981 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• Then two decades later, in 2001 the UN General Assembly unanimously voted to designate the Day as a period of non-violence and cease-fire by adopting Resolution adopted 53/243 B –  Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace.

Also, read in detail about the UN General Assembly in the linked article.

Significance of International Day of Peace

• The International Day of Peace plays a significant role in promoting peace across the world, by observing a period of non-violence and cease-fire .
• The day also seeks to promote a green and sustainable global economy which can create jobs, build resilience towards crimes and reduce emissions for lowering climate impacts.
• International Day of Peace is dedicated to fostering dialogue and collecting ideas to build a peaceful world.

Also, read about The International Day of Non-Violence which is  observed on 2nd October to celebrate the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.

Challenges of Keeping Peace

• Global Unrest and wars have disturbed the world-peace. According to the World Population Review the wars have resulted in the loss of many lives in 2019,  8 countries i.e. Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Turkey, Somalia, Iraq, Mexico and Libya suffered over 1000 deaths each.
• The armed conflicts and persecution have led to the Refugee Crisis . According to the UN Refugee Agency , because of these reasons alone 79.5 million were displaced at the end of 2019.
• Global Powers like USA, Russia and China have been fueling instability in order to quench the thirst of achieving geopolitical hegemony . E.g. Yemen Crisis , Afghanistan Instability.
• Also, the Covid-19 Pandemic has impacted global peace through lack of access to resources, health and education.

Way Forward

In order to gain a world free of conflict, we must strive for bringing a change in structure and nature of world politics, which is not a child’s play. In the current pandemic, there is a need to stand together with the UN against attempts to use the virus to promote discrimination or hatred. Intellectuals, social movements and responsible states should prioritise struggling for an equitable world order. Nothing less will suffice to silence the guns.

Note : As UPSC 2023 approaches, use BYJU’S free Daily Video Analysis of The Hindu Newspaper to augment your preparation.

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Essay on War and Peace

No doubt war is an evil, the greatest catastrophe that befalls human beings. It brings death and destruction, disease and starvation, poverty, and ruin in its wake.

But there are people who consider war as something grand and heroic and regard it as something that brings out the best in men, but this does not alter the fact that war is a terrible, dreadful calamity.

No period in world history has been the devastating effects of war. We have had wars of all types long and short. In view of this it seems futile to talk of permanent and everlasting peace or to make plans for the establishment of eternal peace.

We have had advocates of non violence and the theory of the brotherhood of man. We have had the Buddha, Christ and Mahatma Gandhi. But in spite of that, weapons have always been used, military force has always been employed, clashes of arms have always occurred; war has always been waged.

War has indeed been such a marked feature of every age and period that it has come to be regarded As part of the normal life of nations. Machiavelli, the author of the known book, The Prince, defined peace as an interval between two wars Molise, the famous German field marshal declared war to be part of God’s world order.

Poets and prophets have dreamt of a millennium, a utopia in which war will not exist and eternal peace will reign on earth. But these dreams have not been fulfilled. After the Great War of 1914-18, it was thought that there would be no war for a long time to come and an institution called the League of Nations was founded as a safeguard against the outbreak of war.

The occurrence of another war (1939-45), however, conclusively proved that to think of an unbroken peace is to be unrealistic And that no institution or assembly can ever ensure the permanence of peace.

The League of Nations collapsed completely under the tensions and stresses created by Hitler. The United Nations Organization with all the good work that It has been doing is not proving as effective as was desired.

Large numbers of Wars, the most recent ones being the one in Vietnam, the other between India and Pakistan, or indo-china War, Iran-Iraq war or Arab Israel war, have been fought despite the UN. The fact of the matter is that fighting in a natural instinct in man.

When individuals cannot live always in peace, it is, indeed, too much to expect so many nations to live in a state of Eternal peace. Besides, there will always be wide differences of opinion between various nation, different angles of looking at matters that have international importance, radical difference in policy and ideology and these cannot be settled by mere discussions.

So resort to war becomes necessary in such circumstances. Before the outbreak of World War II, for instance, the spread of Communism in Russia created distrust and suspicion in Europe, democracy was an eyesore to Nazi Germany, British Conservatives were apprehensive of the possibility of Britain going Communist.

For example, Germany wished to avenge the humiliating terms imposed upon her at the conclusion of the war of 1914-18 and desired to smash the British Empire and establish an empire of her own. Past wounds, in fact, were not healed up and goaded it to take revenge.

A feverish arms race was going on between the hostile nations in anticipation of such an eventuality, and disarmament efforts were proving futile. The Indo-Pakistan war was fought over the Kashmir issue.

He wants something thrilling and full of excitement and he fights in order to get an outlet for his accumulated energy. It must be admitted, too, that war Has its good side. It spurs men to heroism and self-sacrifice. It is an incentive to scientific research and development. War is obviously an escape from the lethargy of peace.

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Make Your Note

Israel-Hamas Conflict and its Global Impact

• 31 Oct 2023
• GS Paper - 2
• Effect of Policies & Politics of Countries on India's Interests

For Prelims: Israel-Hamas conflict , Gaza Strip , Strait of Hormuz

For Mains : Impact of Israel-Palestine Conflict on India and International geopolitical scenario, Global Trade War, Oil Prices Manipulation.

Why in News?

The ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict has escalated due to Israel's ground offensive in the Gaza Strip , to eliminate Hamas. This has raised concerns about the post-conflict phase and its potential impact on the global economy.

• Bloomberg, a global media company has outlined three scenarios for the conflict and how each could affect countries around the world.

What are the Three Possible Scenarios for the Conflict and their Potential Effects?

• In this scenario, the conflict remains primarily localized in the Gaza Strip , with limited expansion into other regions.
• Limited direct impact on the global economy. Nevertheless, this is unwelcome news for a world economy recovering from various setbacks, as central banks struggle between addressing inflation and preventing economic slowdowns.
• The conflict can result in an increasing humanitarian crisis in Gaza, marked by significant casualties, with the death toll already surpassing 8,000.
• This scenario involves a broader regional conflict, with the potential involvement of Iran-backed militant groups in Lebanon and Syria , as well as the Houthis in Yemen.
• This could lead to escalation of violence in multiple regional locations, leading to increased instability and conflict..
• Oil prices could rise to around the mid-USD 90s, higher than the current USD 90 per barrel,
• Higher inflation rates globally, potentially denting global economic growth by 0.3% points.
• The most extreme scenario envisions a full-scale war between regional powers Israel and Iran, with the possible involvement of major world powers such as the United States, China, and Russia.
• Over 20% of the world's crude supply comes from West Asia, conflict in the region may drastically push up the Crude oil prices up to USD 150 per barrel.
• Even with potential capacity from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, if they do not align with Iran, oil shipments may still face challenges in passing through the Strait of Hormuz, a 48-kilometer shipping chokepoint through which nearly one-fifth of the world's total oil production transits.
• Global inflation could rise to about 6.7% in 2024, potentially causing global economic growth to slow by almost 2% points and leading to a possible worldwide recession with significant implications for countries like India and the US.
• Hamas is a Palestinian political armed group that was founded in 1987. It's a militant group that emerged as a resistance movement against Israeli occupation.
• It gained popularity as a resistance movement against Israeli occupation and Fatah.
• The United States has designated Hamas a terror organization since 1997. Many other countries, including Israel and most of Europe, see it the same way.
• Hamas believes that no part of the land of Palestine shall be compromised or conceded.
• Hamas rejects any alternative to the complete liberation of Palestine.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q1. Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries? (2017)

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Q2. Which one of the following countries of South-West Asia does not open out to the Mediterranean Sea? (2015)

(a) Syria (b) Jordan (c) Lebanon (d) Israel

Q3. The term “two-state solution” is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of (2018)

(a) China (b) Israel (c) Iraq (d) Yemen

Q. “India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (2018)

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The Ethics of War: Proportionality and Nationalism

• Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Hamas conflict , there has been considerable debate about the importance of proportionality. 

Proportionality as a myth in war: The intense bloodshed in the ongoing war between Hamas and Israel has evoked strong emotional responses from people across the world. 

• Ex- The Prime Minister of Norway stated that Israel’s use of military force against Hamas in Gaza is “beyond proportionality.” 

International humanitarian law (IHL) and Principle of proportionality:

• Restriction on using force: It places restrictions on the use of force, especially against civilians.
• Once a State has resorted to the use of armed force, jus in bello kicks in to regulate and restrain the use of force in times of armed conflict.
• It obliges to balance the military advantages sought and the damage and civilian losses related to it. 
• Differentiating civilian objects and military objectives: IHL provides that parties to the conflict must distinguish between civilian objects and military objectives by using specific methods of warfare.

Why is proportionality a myth during the war?

• Adherence and compliance with international law rely on “good faith” as there is no entity to enforce it. 
• Myth of war without public mobilization: The belief that wars can occur without public support is a misconception. 
• Both Israel’s response and Hamas’ actions are rooted in civilian support. 
• Relative capabilities of adversaries
• Level of enemy strength
• Tactics and operational strategies employed
• Terrain of combat
• Objectives pursued by the belligerents
• Relative positions of adversaries, allies, and partners.

News Source: orfonline

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WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGE

Following are the topics on which our followers have written (and writing essays) every Sunday to hone their essay writing skills. The topics are chosen based on UPSC previous year topics. Writing one essay on each Sunday will help you get better marks in this paper.

ESSAY STRATEGY by Topper – Rank 1 CSE 2017

ESSAY STRATEGY by Topper – Rank 25 CSE 2015

ESSAY STRATEGY by Topper – Rank 40 CSE 2015

• [VIDEO] How to Improve Marks in Essay and Ethics Papers?
• [VIDEO] How to Write Philosophical Essays

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2024

• 11 August, 2024 : The world is not magic and that is the most magical thing about it. 
• 4 August, 2024 : Art is I; Science is We. 
• 28 July, 2024 : History, in general, only informs us what bad government is
• 21 July, 2024 : Sarcasam : the last refuge of the chaste-souled individuals when their privacy is coarsely invaded.
• 14 July, 2024 : Wound is the place where light enters you
• 7 July, 2024 : What is Religion to One is Superstition To Another
• June 30, 2024 : Gender Is Spectrum
• June 23, 2024 : Those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music.
• June 16, 2024 : Saint Has A Past. Sinner Has A Future
• June 9, 2024 : The worst disease in the world today is corruption and the cure for it is transparency.
• June 2, 2024 : Escape Competition Through Authenticity.
• May 26, 2024 : Creativity Is Allowing Yourself to Make Mistakes. Art Is Knowing Which Ones to Keep.
• May 19 2024 : In No Man’s Land, the only way to survive is to adapt.
• May 12, 2024 : Economics is concerned with what emerges, not what anyone intended.
• May 5, 2024 : A right is not what someone gives you; it’s what no one can take from you.
• April 28, 2024 : We come nearest to the great when we are great in humility.
• April 21, 2024 : Well done is better than well said.
• April 14, 2024 : Consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative. 
• April 07, 2024 : Came from plant, use it; made in plant, don’t.
• March 30, 2024 : A Business That Makes Nothing More Than Money Is Poor Business
• March 24, 2024 : If Voting Really Made Difference, They Would Not Let Us Do It
• March 17, 2024 : Cinema Is Not A Slice Of Life, But A Piece Of Cake. 
• March 10, 2024 : Education Can give skill, but a liberal education can give dignity
• March 3, 2024 : Sometimes when you lose your way you find yourself
• February 25, 2024 : Who Looks Inside Awakes, Who Looks Outside Dream
• February 18, 2024 : Never Let School Interfere With Your Education
• February 11, 2024 : Whoever Controls the Media Controls the Mind
• February 04, 2024 : A certain darkness is needed to see the stars
• January 28, 2024 : Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it
• January 21, 2024 : Subtle Is powerful
• January 14, 2024 : The power of community to create health is far greater than any physician, clinic or hospital. 
• January  07, 2024 : Give them Quality. That’s The Best Kind of Advertising

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2023

• December 31, 2023 : The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain
• December 24, 2023 : All Great Changes Are Preceded By Chaos
• December 17, 2023 : We are drowning in information, but starved for Knowledge
• December 10, 2023 : Violence Is the last resort of the incompetent
• December 03, 2023 : Be a Voice, Not an Echo
• November 26, 2023 : A Society that has more justice is the society that needs less charity
• November 19, 2023 : Sell Your Cleverness and Buy Bewilderment
• November 12, 2023 : love takes off the masks that we fear we cannot live without and know we cannot live within
• November 5, 2023 : Clothes Make The Man
• October 29, 2023 : Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.
• October 22, 2023 : Mathematics is the music of reason
• October 15, 2023 : Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines
• October 08, 2023 : Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
• October 01, 2023 : Not All Who Wander Are Lost
• September 24, 2023 : Visionary Decision-Making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic
• September 17, 2023 : Thinking Is Like A game. It does not begin unless there is an opposition team.
• September 10, 2023 : Unless we have well-educated people, we are vulnerable on National Security
• September 03, 2023 : Harsh Laws are, at times, better than No laws
• August 27, 2023 : Nations Do Not Die From Invasion. They Die From Internal Rottenness
• August 20, 2023 : In Individuals, insanity is rare; In groups, parties and nations, it is the rule.
• August 13, 2023 : Economics Is Too Important To Leave To The Economists.
• August 06, 2023 : A self without a book-shelf is naked.
• July 30, 2023 : Wrong Choices Lead To Right Places
• July 23, 2023 : Credit where credit is due.
• July 16, 2023 : A right is not what someone gives you; it’s what no one can take away from you.
• July 9, 2023 : The measure of intelligence is the ability to change
• July 2, 2023 : Do what you can, with what you have, where you are. 
• June 25, 2023 : In the long run , the sword will always be conquered by the spirit
• June 18, 2023 : The company you keep determines your Success
• June 11, 2023 : A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• June 4, 2023 : Our moral responsibility is not to stop the future but to shape it
• May 28, 2023 : Action breeds confidence and courage
• May 21, 2023 : A library is a hospital for the mind
• May 14, 2023 : Self-Education is Life-Long Curiosity
• May 7, 2023 : Silence is Spurious Golden
• April 30, 2023 : The price of greatness is responsibility
• April 23, 2023 : Progress is impossible without change
• April 16, 2023 : The Impact of Artificial Intelligence.
• April 9, 2023 : People would rather believe than know.
• April  2, 2023 : Prioritizing education technology for global growth
• March 26, 2023 : Technology is a weapon against poverty
• March 19, 2023 : Every choice you make makes you
• March 12, 2023 : Patience is a virture ; virtue is a grace
• March 5, 2023 : Before any fight, it is the fight of mind
• February 26, 2023 :  The Measure of a man is what he does with Power.
• February 19, 2023 : When you kill time, you kill life.
• February 12, 2023 : Delayed success mostly stays forever.
• February 05, 2023 : The wound is the place where the Light enters you.
• January 29, 2023 : Doubt is an uncomfortable condition, but certainty is a ridiculous one.
• January 22, 2023 : I am what I am, so take me as I am
• January 15, 2023 : Real learning comes about when the competitive spirit has ceased
• January 08, 2023 : Time hurts but it also heals. It punishes but it rewards too- it is the greatest teacher ever for a human.
• January 01, 2023 : The Beginning is the End and the End is The Beginning.

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2022

• December 25, 2022 : To tolerate is purely an act of mind
• December 18, 2022 : The arc of moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice
• December 11, 2022 : Religion is a culture of faith; Science is a culture of doubt.
• December 04, 2022 : My best friend is a person who will give me a book I have not read
• November 27, 2022 : Everything comes to him who hustles while he waits
• November 20, 2022 : We are always blind as we want to be
• November 13, 2022  : By your stumbling, the world is perfected.
• November 6, 2022 : You cannot step twice in the same river
• October 30, 2022 : Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.
• October 23, 2022 : A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• October 16, 2022 : The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
• October 9, 2022 : A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
• October 2, 2022 : History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
• September 25, 2022 : Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• September 18, 2022 : Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
• September 11, 2022 : Culture changes with economic development.
• September 4 2022 : We don’t see things as they are, we see them as we are.
• August 28 2022 :  The obstacle is the path.
• August 21 2022 : What is to give light must endure burning.
• August 14 2022 : “He who has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander.” Aristotle.
• August 7 2022 : Any fool can know. The point is to understand.” Albert Einstein
• July 31, 2022 : A bad conscience is easier to cope with than a bad reputation. Friedrich Nietzsche.
• July 24, 2022 : Time is all we have and don’t
• July 17, 2022 : Life fritters away when distractions become your lifestyle
• July 10, 2022 : After every darkness comes the dawn July 10, 2022 : After every darkness comes the dawn
• July 3, 2022 : Mind – a beautiful servant? Or a dangerous master?
• June 26, 2022 : Education Breeds Peace
• June 19, 2022 : A great leader is never angry
• June 12, 2022 : That which hurts, instructs; That which instructs, creates; Creates Wonders!
• June 05, 2022 : Don’t let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do
• May 29, 2022 : The journey is a reward as well as destination
• May 22, 2022 : Imagination creates reality
• May 15, 2022 : The curious paradox is, only if we accept things as they are, things can change
• May 08, 2022:  The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are so certain of themselves, while wiser people are so full of doubts
• May 01, 2022:  Loyalty To Country Always. Loyalty To Government Only When It Deserves
• April 24, 2022: Successful Investing Is Anticipating The Anticipations of Others
• April 17, 2022: Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear
• April 10, 2022 : Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn
• April 03, 2022 : Forgiveness is the final form of love
• March 27, 2022 : The world of reality has its limits; the world of imagination is boundless
• March 20, 2022 : Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.
• March 13, 2022 : Everything we hear is an opinion; not a fact
• March 5, 2022 : There are better practices to “best practices”
• February 27, 2022 : History repeats itself first as a tragedy second as a farce.
• February 20, 2022 : What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• February 13, 2022 : Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world
• February 6, 2022 : The real is rational and the rational is real.
• January 30, 2022 : Philosophy of Wantlessness Is Utopian, while the philosophy of materialism is chimera.
• January 23, 2022 : Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• January 16, 2022 : The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• January 09, 2022 : Knowing oneself is the beginning of all wisdom
• January 02, 2022 : Biased Media Is A Real Threat To Indian Democracy

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2021

• December 26, 2021 : What Gets Measured Gets Managed
• December 19, 2021 : The enemy of stability is complacency
• December 12, 2021 : A clear conscience fears no accusation
• December 05, 2021 : Power of vested interests is vastly exaggerated compared with the gradual encroachment of ideas
• November 28, 2021 : The whole is more than a sum of its parts
• November 21, 2021 : Scientific and technological progress cannot be equated with the progress of humanity
• November 14, 2021 : The price of our vitality is the sum of all our fears
• November 7, 2021 : Lawlessness is the result of failure to cultivate a sense of self-evaluation
• October 30, 2021 : What you do makes a difference, and you have to decide what kind of difference you want to make
• October 24, 2021 : Science for the economic freedom of humanity
• October 17, 2021 : An interdependent world cannot be an inequitable world
• October 03, 2021 : Strength comes from an indomitable Will
• SEPTEMBER 26, 2021 : Ethnocracy and concentration of power can derail even an affluent nation
• SEPTEMBER 19, 2021 : Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.
• SEPTEMBER 12, 2021 : Culture of entitlement comes with unreasonable expectations and insecurities 
• SEPTEMBER 5, 2021 : Literacy is a vital skill that enhances dignity, improves health outcomes, empowers people to access their rights and bolsters opportunities
• AUGUST 29, 2021 : A parliamentary system of government rests on a functioning opposition as ‘no democracy can do without it’.
• AUGUST 22, 2021 : Development must lead to dismantle all kinds of human unfreedom
• AUGUST 15, 2021 : Sport is a reflection of larger social phenomena
• AUGUST 8, 2021 : Every social stratum has its own Common Sense and its own good sense
• AUGUST 1, 2021 : Capitalism without competition is not Capitalism. It is Exploitation.
• JULY 25, 2021 : We don’t have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment
• JULY 18,2021 : We Need not a social conscience, but a social consciousness.
• JULY 11, 2021 : The cure for evils of democracy is more democracy.
• JULY 04, 2021 : No Constitution by itself achieves perfect justice
• JUNE 27, 2021 : Our world has achieved brilliance without conscience.
• JUNE 20, 2021 : Our common humanity demands that we make the impossible possible.
• JUNE 13, 2021 : Without courage we cannot practice any other virtue with consistency. We can’t be kind, true, merciful, generous, or honest.
• JUNE 06, 2021 : The political problem of mankind is to combine three things: economic efficiency, social justice and individual liberty.
• MAY 30, 2021 : Economics without ethics is a caricature & ethics without economics is a fairy tale.
• MAY 23 , 2021 : Indecisiveness is the rival of Progression
• MAY 16 , 2021 : Time changes everything except something within us which is always surprised by change.
• May 09, 2021 : The possession of arbitrary power has always, the world over, tended irresistibly to destroy humane sensibility, magnanimity, and truth
• May 02, 2021 : The truth of character is expressed through choice of act ions
• April 25, 2021 : It is not our differences that divide us; It is our inability to recognise, accept, and celebrate those differences.
• April 18, 2021 : Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
• April 11, 2021 : Solutions emerge if situations are not forced
• April 04, 2021 : Morality is subservient to materialistic values in present times
• March 28, 2021 : Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future and renders the present inaccessible
• March 21, 2021 : Our major social problems are not the cause of our decadence but are a reflection of it
• March 14, 2021 : The Future of Multilateralism : Towards a responsible Globalization
• March 07, 2021 : Subtlety may deceive you; Integrity never will
• February 28, 2021 :Technology as the silent factor in international relations
• February 21, 2021 :Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality
• February 14, 2021:There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless
• February 07, 2021: Culture is what we are civilization is what we have
• January 31, 2021: Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication
• January 24, 2021: Ships do not sink because of water around them , ships sink because of water that gets into them
• January 17, 2021: Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self
• January 10, 2021: Life is long journey between human being and being humane
• January 03, 2021: The Covid pandemic has revealed the urgent need for effective governance everywhere”
• December 27, 2020: Challenges of 21st Century – insurmountable?
• December 20, 2020: Too much Democracy is Detrimental to Development
• December 13, 2020: Happiness is not an ideal of reason, but of imagination.

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2020

• December 06, 2020 : As you Start to walk on the way, the Way appears
• November 29, 2020: Need of the Hour is to Maximise Possibilities of Agriculture in India
• November 22, 2020: The survival of democracy depends on its ability to lower social uncertainty
• November 15, 2020: There is no greatness where there is no simplicity
• November 08, 2020: Inequality can be Reduced by the Power of the Market rather than the Government
• November 01, 2020: Civil liberties are fundamental to the functioning of modern democracies
• October 25, 2020: Artificial Intelligence is Not All Evil – It can Promote Social Good Too
• October 18, 2020: Wherever law ends, tyranny begins
• October 11, 2020:Hyper-globalism is threat to human prosperity
• September 27, 2020: Our World is in a Surplus of Multilateral Challenges and a Deficit of Solutions
• September 20, 2020: In India Agriculture and the Farmer are both the Victims of Narrow Political Vision
• September 13, 2020: India Needs Aggressive and Pragmatic Neighbourhood Policy
• September 6, 2020: “The greatest discovery of all time is that a person can change his future by merely changing his  attitude .
• August 30, 2020: The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal
• August 23, 2020: Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are.
• August 16, 2020: Life without liberty is like a body without spirit.
• August 09, 2020: Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value
• August 02, 2020: New Education Policy 2020: A Progressive Policy with Diverse Challenges
• July 26, 2020: In a democracy, the individual enjoys not only the ultimate power but carries the ultimate responsibility
• July 19, 2020: Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance
• July 12, 2020: The human spirit must prevail over technology
• July 05, 2020: When the power of love overcomes the love of power the world will know peace.
• June 28, 2020: Today India Needs ‘Harmony in Diversity’, Not Unity in Diversity.
• June 21, 2020: A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
• June 14, 2020: Post Independence, the Issue of Land is at the Core of India’s Non-Achievement of Its Development Aspirations
• June 7, 2020: Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste
• May 31, 2020: Despite Challenges, To be a Healthy and Successful Nation, India must Ensure Universal Health Coverage 
• May 24, 2020: Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.
• May 17, 2020:The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little
• May 10, 2020: Urban Exclusion of Migrant Workers in India is a Reality and Needs Urgent Robust Policy Measures
• May 03, 2020: Uncertainty should ignite creativity, not depravity
• April 26, 2020: The fool doth think he is wise but the wise man knows himself to be a fool
• April 19, 2020: Social Harmony, not Social Distancing, is the final solution to all our problems
• April 12, 2020: It is our choices, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities
• April 05, 2020: Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking
• March 29, 2020: “Problems cannot be solved at the same level of awareness that created them”
• March 22, 2020: In order to understand the world one has to turn away from it on occasion
• March 15, 2020: Pandemics such as COVID-19, though Catastrophic, are in the end Meant to Reset Humanity and its Priorities
• March 08, 2020: Those who have wisdom have all: Fools with all have nothing
• March 01, 2020: Indifferentism is the worst kind of disease that can affect people.
• [VIDEO] Perspectives on Essay Topic of Feb 23
• February 23, 2020: To ease another’s heartache is to forget one’s own.
• February 16, 2020 : When civil services does its job, people will not need social service
• February 09, 2020 : The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it.
• February 02, 2020: Ability will get you success, Character will keep you successful.
• January 26, 2020: Media’s duty is to inform public, not manufacture opinion.
• January 19, 2020: Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes
• January 12, 2020 : Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition
• J anuary 5, 2020 : All war is a symptom of man’s failure as a thinking animal
• December 29, 2019 : There cannot be daily democracy without daily citizenship
• December 22, 2019: War is the ultimate Price we pay for lasting Peace
• December 15, 2019 : Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a peaceful society
• December 08, 2019: Justice Loses Character if it becomes Revenge
• December 01. 2019: Economic Growth and Development are Shaped by the Societies in which they Operate
• November 24, 2019: Social Media is the Fourth Pillar of Democracy
• November 17, 2019: Media is No More a Fourth Pillar of Democracy
• November 10, 2019: Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling
• November 03, 2019:Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy
• October 27, 2019: Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness
• October 20, 2019: South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities
• October 13, 2019: Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success
• October 06, 2019: Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society
• September 29, 2019: Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be
• September 22, 2019: Wisdom finds truth

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2019

• September 15, 2019: Kashmir Problem – Historical Injustice or Misguided Geopolitics?
• September 08, 2019: India’s Space Ambitions – Are they Welfarist?
• September 01, 2019: India – $5 Trillion Economy: Dream or Reality?
• August 25, 2019 Knowledge will give you power, but character respect.
• August 18, 2019 The mind is everything. What you think you become.
• August 11, 2019: Virtue is Knowledge
• August 04, 2019: Inclusive governance begets Inclusive growth
• July 28, 2019: India’s headache: Unemployment or Underemployment?
• July 21, 2019: The road to science and spirituality are opposite, but we should tread both
• July 14, 2019: India is a leading power, rather than just a balancing power
• July 07, 2019: Should the world embrace democratic socialism or progressive capitalism?
• June 30, 2019: Impact of Digital Revolution on Human Wellbeing
• June 23, 20 19: Contentment is natural wealth, luxury is artificial poverty
• June 16, 2019: The definition of happiness is the full use of your powers, along the lines of excellence.
• June 09, 2019: Not Corruption, Communalism is the Greatest Threat India is facing Today
• May 19, 2019: First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.
• May 12, 2019: Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake
• May 05, 2019: Happiness equals reality minus expectations
• April 28, 2019: Political correctness is tyranny with manners
• April 21, 2019: The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.
• April 07, 2019: Dogma is the sacrifice of wisdom to consistency
• March 31, 2019: The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.
• March 24, 2019: Terrorism has No Religion
• March 17, 2019: Money and Religion – Great Unifiers of Humankind?
• March 10, 2019: Tradition becomes our security, and when the mind is secure it is in decay
• March 03, 2019: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower
• February 24,2019: Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens
• February 17, 2019: Problems worthy of attack prove their worth by fighting back
• February 10, 2019: Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
• February 03, 2019: You can avoid reality, but you cannot avoid the consequences of avoiding reality
• January 27, 2019: Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever
• January 20, 2019: All that we are is the result of what we have thought.
• January 12, 2019: All differences in this world are of degree, and not of kind, because oneness is the secret of everything.
• January 06, 2019: National security is Irreversibly linked to good economic growth

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2018

• December 28, 2018: To plan for smart development, governments and business must recognize nature’s role in supporting economic activity
• December 23, 2018: Government Surveillance – Good or Bad?
• December 16, 2018: Trade Wars – Economic or Geopolitical?
• December 02, 2018: Immigration is Not a Threat, but Fundamentally it’s an Economic Issue
• November 25, 2018: A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both
• November 18, 2018: “The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values
• November 11, 2018: A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge
• November 04, 2018: Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task
• October 28, 2018: Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India
• October 21, 2018: Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere
• October 14, 2018: Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it
• October 07, 2018: Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life
• September 30, 2018: Commercialization of Space : Importance and the need for regulation
• September 23, 2018: E-commerce as a new form of trade and its challenges to India.
• September 16, 2018: Ability is nothing without opportunity
• September 09, 2018: Death Penalty eliminates Criminals, not Crime.
• September 02, 2018: Dissent is the foundation of democracy.
• August 26, 2018: Mars Mission and Mob lynchings are two obverse faces of India
• August 19, 2018: Strengthening Land Rights Strengthens Development
• August 12, 2018: Age of Big Data: Data is the New Oil, History is its oldest bank
• August 05, 2018: Strong Institutions and fair procedures, not personalities constitute the fundamentals of good governance
• July 29, 2018: Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• July 22, 2018: Section 377, not the carnal acts banned under it is ‘against the order of nature ‘
• July 15, 2018: Schooling Is Not Education
• July 08, 2018: Sometimes it takes a natural disaster to reveal a social disaster.
• July 01, 2018: Normal human activity is worse for nature than the greatest nuclear accident in history
• June 24, 2018: Gender Sensitive Indian Society is Prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment
• June 17, 2018: Where Should India Invest More – Human Capital or Human Development?
• June 10, 2018: Has Democracy Taken Backseat Due to the Rise of Populists and Demagogues?
• June 03, 2018: We won’t have a society ,if we destroy the environment
• May 27, 2018: Can Development and Environment Protection Go Together?
• May 20, 2018: Governor is the Choke Point of Federal Circuit of India
• May 13, 2018: Anonymity is the Best and the Worst Feature of Urbanism
• May 06, 2018: A man is but the product of his thoughts; what he thinks, he becomes
• April 29, 2018: Guaranteeing Right to Vote may Establish a Democracy, But Ensuring it’s Right Use Only Will Bring a True Democracy
• April 22, 2018: Stereotyping is an Ideological Force Which Hinders and Endangers Consolidation of India
• April 15, 2018: Can Education and legislation Address Violence Against Women and Children in India?
• April 8, 2018: Banking Crisis in India – Failure of Governance and Regulation?
• April 1, 2018: Privacy is the fountainhead of all other rights
• March 25, 2018: Impact of Technology on Human Relations and Human Productivity
• March 18, 2018: India’s Focus should be on Ease of Living, not on Easy of Doing Business
• March 11, 2018: A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody
• March 04, 2018: Capitalism can not Bring Inclusive Growth
• February 25, 2018: The unprecedented advance of technologies facilitate individual empowerment but at the cost of Institutions and Democratic societies
• February 18, 2018: Threats being Faced by Liberal Democratic Systems are both Dangerous and Permanent
• February 11, 2018: For India, Stigmatised Capitalism is Better than Crony Socialism
• February 04, 2018: Art, freedom and creativity will change society faster than politics.
• January 28, 2018: Politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak
• January 21, 2018: Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime
• January 14, 2018: Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding
• January 07, 2018: The Root Cause of Agrarian Distress in India – Failure of Policies or Failure of Governance?

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2017

• December 31, 2017: Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India
• December 24, 2017: Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth
• December 17, 2017: Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• December 10, 2017: Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India
• December 03, 2017: Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms
• November 19, 2017: Has the Non- Alignment Movement(NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world
• November 12, 2017: Social media is inherently a selfish medium.
• November 04, 2017: We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws
• October 29, 2017: Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all the others.
• October 22, 2017: Harith Diwali, Swasth Diwali : What measures are needed to deal with Festivity and Air Pollution?
• October 15, 2017: Biggest Threat to Humanity – Moral Crisis or Climate Change?
• October 08, 2017: The monsoon is a defining aspect of India’s nationhood
• October 01, 2017: India’s Infrastructure Story – Why is India not able to Build like China?
• September 24, 2017: Impact of Digital Technologies on Globalisation
• September 17, 2017: Urbanisation and Solid Waste Management in India – Challenges and Opportunities
• September 10,2017: Gender Equality and Peace: Are They Connected?
• September 03, 2017: Recent Natural Disasters – What do they Reveal about Humanity?
• August 27, 2017: Godmen – A Threat to Indian Society and Culture
• August 20, 2017: Corruption in India: Neither Systemic Reforms nor Surgical Strikes would End it
• August 13,2017: Interrelationship between Gender Equality and Sustainable Development
• August 06, 2017: Utility and relevance of Parliament in our polity
• July 30, 2017: Caste System – Source of India’s Eternal Inequality?
• July 23, 2017: Indian Democracy, Media and Public Opinion – Does Public Opinion Matter in Policymaking?
• July 16, 2017: Poverty and Environment – Their Interrelationship is the Key to Sustainable World
• July 09, 2017: Soft Power is India’s Strength, not its Weakness
• July 02, 2017: Technology and Jobs – Is Technology a Curse?
• June 25, 2017: Democracy’s Relevance in the Face of New Global Threats
• June 18, 2017: Federalism in India – Competitive or Cooperative?
• June 11, 2017: Peace, Environment and Development: Are these Interrelated?
• June 04, 2017: Role of Technology in Development – Is Technology Helping or Hindering Development?
• May 28, 2017: Poverty is a State of Mind
• May 21, 2017: Does India Need Superpower Status?
• May 14, 2017: India’s Achilles Heel – Lack of Ambition or Lack of Leadership in Achieving Greatness?
• May 07, 2017: Don’t limit a child to your own learning, for he was born in another time.
• April 29, 2017: The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation
• April 23, 2017: To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom
• April 16, 2017: One-Party-Dominant System – Is it Good for India?
• April 09, 2017: Should Youth in India Consider Politics as Career?
• April 02, 2017: Can World Save Succeeding Generations from the Scourge of War?
• March 26, 2017: Low, stagnating female labour-force participation in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms?
• March 19, 2017: When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw
• March 12, 2017: The marks humans leave are too often scars
• March 05, 2017: Environmental Challenges and Geopolitics: How to save our Environment?
• February 27, 2017: Radical Solutions are Needed to Address Today’s Radical Problems
• February 19, 2017: India’s Importance in the Post-truth World
• February 12, 2017: The Role of Politics in Development
• February 05, 2017: Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored
• January 29, 2017: Building Walls and Banning Refugees – Does this Help Humanity?
• January 22, 2017: Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality
• January 15, 2017: Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run
• January 08, 2017: Water disputes between states in federal India
• January 01, 2017: Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed

WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2016

• (December 25, 2016) – Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality
• (December 18, 2016) – Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare
• (December 11, 2016) – Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms
• (December 04, 2016) – If development is not engendered, it is endangered
• (November 27, 2016) – Social media is better at breaking things than at making things
• (November 20, 2016) – Deglobalization is good for the world
• (November 12, 2016) – Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others
• (November 06, 2016) – It is not inequality which is the real misfortune, it is dependence
• (October 30, 2016) – Reducing Poverty while also Conserving Nature is an Impossible Task
• (October 23, 2016) – Poverty can be eliminated by putting science at the heart of development
• (October 16, 2016) – People shouldn’t be afraid of their government. Governments should be afraid of their people
• (October 09, 2016) – Better Access is Key to Inclusive Cities
• (October 02, 2016) – The weaker sections of Indian society – Are their Rights and Access to Justice Getting Better?
• (September 25, 2016) – Imagination is more important than intelligence
• (September 18, 2016) – Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life
• (September 11, 2016) – Not what we have But what we enjoy, constitutes our abundance
• (September 04, 2016) – It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it
• (August 28, 2016) – If one can Address Moral Crisis, many of World’s Problems can be Solved
• (August 21, 2016) – Overdependence on Technology will Advance Human Development
• (August 14, 2016) – Geography may remain the same ; history need not
• (August 07, 2016) – Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom
• (July 31, 2016) – To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all
• (July 24, 2016) – True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing
• (July 17, 2016) – We Can Not Fight Terrorism – We have to Live With it
• (July 10, 2016) – A house divided against itself cannot stand
• (July 02, 2016) – When the going gets tough, the tough get going
• (June 26, 2016) – India a Reluctant Participant in the New Global Order?
• (June 19, 2016) – Inclusiveness in India – Still a Dream?
• (June 12, 2016) – No one can make you feel inferior without your consent
• (June 05, 2016) – Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted
• (May 29, 2016) – It is hard to free fools from the chains they revere
• (May 22, 2016) – Honest disagreement is often a good sign of progress
• (May 15, 2016) – Fire is a good servant but a bad master
• (May 08, 2016) – The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence
• (May 01, 2016) – Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Development
• (April 24, 2016) – It takes a whole village to raise a child
• (April 17, 2016) – Trust take years to Build, Seconds to Break
• (April 10, 2016) – Cleanliness is next to Godliness
• (April 03, 2016) – Honesty is the Best Policy
• (March 27, 2016) – Before criticizing a man, walk a mile in his shoes
• (March 20, 2016) – Caste System – India’s Enduring Curse
• (March 13, 2016) – Fortune favors the bold
• (March 06, 2016) – Quick but steady wins the race
• (February 28, 2016) – Dreams which should not let India sleep
• (February 21, 2016) – Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole
• (February 14, 2016) – Technology cannot replace manpower
• (February 7, 2016) – Character of an institution is reflected in its leader
• (January 31, 2016) – Can Capitalism bring Inclusive Growth?
• (January 24, 2016) – Crisis Faced in India – Moral or Economic?
• (January 17, 2016) – Too many cooks spoil the broth
• (January 10, 2016) – The Best Things in Life are Free
• (January 3, 2016) – Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.

WEEKLY ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES – 2015

• 27 December 2015
• 20 December 2015
• 13 December 2015
• 06 December 2015
• 28 November 2015
• 21 November 2015
• 15 November 2015
• 08 November 2015
• 01 November 2015
• 25 October 2015
• 18 October 2015
• 11 October 2015
• 04 October 2015
• 27 September 2015
• 20 September 2015
• 13 September 2015
• 06 September 2015
• 31 August 2015
• 30 August 2015
• 23 August 2015
• 16 August 2015
• 09 August 2015
• 01 August 2015
• 26 July 2015
• 19 July 2015
• 12 July 2015
• 05 July 2015
• 28 June 2015
• 21 June 2015
• 14 June 2015
• 07 June 2015
• 31 May 2015
• 24 May 2015
• 17 May 2015
• 10 May 2015
• 03 May 2015
• 26 April 2015
• 19 April 2015
• 12 April 2015
• 05 April 2015
• 29 March 2015
• 22 March 2015
• 15 March 2015
• 01 March 2015
• 22 February 2015
• 15 February 2015
• 08 February 2015
• 01 February 2015
• 25 January 2015
• 18 January 2015
• 11 January 2015
• 04 January 2015

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The effect of war in modern days with reference to Ukaraine and Russia.

In our Indian History I am sure that people are aware of the great war that took place between the Kauravs and the Pandavas known as “MAHABHARATA”. As today’s young generation we have various narratives of this war as told by our great grandparents or by flipping through the pages of history but when we see the place what we realize through the remnants is only bloodshed, mixed with thousand tears wetting the soil depicting the pain of people involved but yes the immense courage shown to wage such a war is also seen. This three-letter word “WAR” has always proven to be horrifying whenever it is encountered on this planet. This is also not new as from prehistoric era till modern days wars have been taking place whether for survival or to prove powerful. A little above 60 days has passed that we people are continuously glued to our phones or television or the newspaper only to witness what has been happening in Ukraine and Russia. The scenario is painful for both the victims and the viewers to witness such a disastrous sight. War rarely brings any optimism along with it rather things worsen with each passing day wherein:

• Innocent lives are lost.
• Security is threatened
• Basic amenities are dismantled
• With the advent of technology environment is disturbed to a great extent and

Most importantly we wrap up a dark, bleak, unsustainable gift for the generations to come. However, wars have also been an appropriate place to depict one’s feeling of patriotism, unity and most importantly the courage and determination to fight no matter what happens. Wars also showcase the progress mankind has made in the forms of ammunition to strengthen the security of parties involved. However today on witnessing such a scenario it would be wrong to categorize into just pros and cons of the situation as it might become dicey. With changing time demand has changed, needs have changed likings have changed but what has remained is the “WANT TO BE POWERFUL”.

People often fail to realize that this want is so dangerous that it gives nothing rather than agony. The present scenario that we are witnessing is the apt example wherein the countries might be fighting for varied reasons which includes economic, political, social or cultural but who are the ultimate losers , the innocent people who have to bid adieu to their abode with their teary eyes only to see remnants when they return, the wildlife in the forests or zoos who are left all alone to fight their own battles absolutely clueless or the families of warriors who might lose their hope in the battlefield their faces filled with pride for their nation but hearts grieving, or those educational and religious institutions that were once set up to inculcate values and culture for the well- being of mankind are only vulnerable to bombings and bullet attacks. Thus, the entire sight is extremely pathetic. The result of war is very straight forward and accurate one wins and the other loses but if we remember Emperor Ashoka’s famous “KALINGA WAR” despite winning the war it seemed he lost everything as the sight of the blood shed shook him to such an extent that he became a completely changed person and started propagating peace and shed aside his lust for power instead tried to work towards the welfare of his citizens. This example can be helpful in the present era as well where in nations should understand that war will only worsen situations and is no solution for any altercations rather, we can choose the path of diplomacy or soft power to strengthen bond amongst nations, find solutions to problems that people face and focus on growing together. As in a globalized world nations can’t grow individually the growth can happen only with togetherness. So wherever possible wars should be avoided and peaceful diplomatic solutions should always be entertained.

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