write argumentative essay

How to Write a Strong Argument

Written by Quinn Gilman-Forlini

Your argument is one of the most important elements of your paper. Why? 

It’s your paper’s purpose —it’s why you’re writing this paper in the first place (other than that you have to). Your argument addresses the central question your paper sets out to explore, the reason why everything else in your paper—evidence, main ideas, analysis, research—exists. Everything should be working together to build and support your argument.

So in this guide, we’re going to talk through what you can do to build stronger, clearer, more effective arguments.

What is a thesis statement?

Your thesis statement is a distilled version of your argument that’s both easily identifiable and comprehensible. Usually the thesis should appear early in the paper in order to give your reader a sense of clarity and direction regarding what the paper will argue. Ideally, your reader will point to your thesis and say, “This is why I should keep reading. I want to find out more about how they will demonstrate this compelling idea.” (Okay, maybe they won’t sound exactly like that, but you get the idea.) 

The Elements of a Thesis 

Your thesis should aim to meet all the requirements on this checklist: 

The essence of your argument should be contained in one sentence for shorter papers, and two for longer or more complex papers. (If you’re writing a book, your argument may be longer than two sentences, but that’s probably somewhere down the road.)

It should immediately be clear to the reader precisely what you’re arguing and where the paper is headed. Any context you need to set up for this clarity should come in the introductory paragraph (or intro section, for much longer papers) before the thesis. 

Your thesis should provide the essential details for understanding your argument, which could include things like specific elements of the text you’re focusing on and the significance of your claim. 

☐ Debatable

Someone should reasonably be able to argue against your thesis. If that would be tough and most people would agree with your stance (see various examples in next section), your paper will lack purpose. 

☐ Insightful

Your thesis should be interesting and compelling, ideally something that readers may not have considered before. Think of your paper as adding something new and thought-provoking to the wider conversation about your topic. It’s insight that turns a good argument into a great one.  

What to Avoid In a Thesis (With Examples) 

Before we look at how to write a thesis that checks all those boxes, let’s consider what not to do when developing an argument. To offer a concrete example that many readers will be familiar with, we’ll use the Disney classic Beauty and the Beast as source material for these … less-than-stellar theses. 

A summary statement of your paper. 

Example: This paper will talk about Belle’s choices in Beauty and the Beast. 

Analysis: A thesis needs to make a claim, and this doesn’t take a stance regarding Belle’s choices (also: what choices?). 

An obvious observation. 

Example: In Beauty and the Beast , Belle’s love for the Beast develops slowly over the course of the movie.

Analysis: Anyone who watches the film could make this observation. 

A statement of fact.  

Example: Beauty and the Beast is an animated film released in 1991. 

Analysis: A fact is not an argument, since facts can’t be argued. 

An observation that’s on the fence.  

Example: While some might say that the Beast was cruel to Belle and some might say that he was kind, really he was a little bit of both. 

Analysis: If you take everyone’s side, no one can argue against you.  

Something virtually everybody would agree on. 

Example: Gaston does not have Belle’s best interests in mind when he asks her to marry him. 

Analysis: This is technically a claim. But you’d be hard pressed to find someone who’d argue that Gaston does have Belle’s best interests in mind, so there’s little point in arguing something we can all agree on.  

Something that has no grounding in the text(s). 

Example: Beauty and the Beast is about the effects of growing up with divorced parents. 

Analysis: It’d be pretty impossible to back up this claim considering there’s no mention of divorce in this story. 

A cliché. 

Example: Beauty and the Beast shows us to follow your heart and find true love.  

Analysis: If we’ve heard an idea or phrase a million times, there’s nothing interesting or insightful about it. 

What Makes a Strong Thesis? 

A strong thesis checks each box on the list above, with special attention to these two elements: 

it’s debatable enough that it would spark an interesting discussion

and it’s insightful enough that it makes people think about your topic/text(s) in a new light. 

And in just a bit we’ll discuss specific ways to further strengthen these aspects. But first, to illustrate what we mean by debatable and insightful (and continuing to use Beauty and the Beast as an example), here’s a thesis that incorporates these elements: 

Although some would argue that Belle is a feminist character because she portrays independence by refusing Gaston’s aggressive advances, her main role in the story becomes changing the Beast’s violent and controlling behavior, showing that Belle ultimately follows the traditional gender role of women nurturing and “fixing” aggressive men.  — — —

This thesis is clear and specific , providing details about what the essay will be about (what Belle’s behavior towards the Beast suggests about the film’s portrayal of gender roles) and what the writer is trying to convince the reader of (that Belle is ultimately not a feminist character). It’s debatable because not everyone might hold this viewpoint (many people view Belle as a feminist character, and there is textual evidence to support that side, as the thesis itself points out by conceding a counter-point via Belle’s refusal to marry Gaston). It also provides additional insight into the text by pointing out the theme of aggressive male characters and drawing an unexpected parallel between Gaston (the villain) and the Beast (the hero). Finally, all that content is concisely worded in only one sentence.

How to Write a Working Thesis Statement in 4 Steps 

A strong thesis likely won’t appear fully-formed when you sit down to write. Let’s take a look at how you might develop the above thesis step by step by answering the four questions below. 

Step 1: Topic

What theme(s), idea(s), or topic(s) do you want to focus on in your essay? What are the broader concepts you want to write about? 

Example 1: I want to write about gender roles in Beauty and the Beast . 

Example 2: I want to write about Belle’s behavior towards the male characters in Beauty and the Beast. 

Either of these examples could eventually lead to the thesis above. If you start off with a more specific topic here, your final claim will likely be more specific, too!  

Step 2: Problem 

What is a specific aspect of your topic that you want to explore further? What is the problem, question, or interesting element that you observed about your topic in the text(s)? If there’s something strange you noticed in the text or something you’re intrigued by, that’s a great place to start. 

Example: I want to explore why Belle nurtures the Beast even though he’s controlling over her, which makes me question whether she is as untraditional as the beginning of the film leads viewers to believe. 

Step 3: Purpose 

It’s important to consider what the significance of your argument is. In other words, what do you want to convince your reader of? What do you hope to show your reader through your paper? 

Example: I want to convince my reader that Belle fits into a traditional gender role by “fixing” (and falling in love with) an aggressive male character, showing that Belle is not a feminist character. 

Step 4: Claim 

Time to make a claim. Remember that this should be debatable: You’re writing an argument that some people might reasonably disagree with. 

Example: Belle’s main role in Beauty and the Beast is to change the Beast’s violent and controlling behavior, showing that Belle is not a feminist character because she follows the traditional gender role of women nurturing and “fixing” aggressive men. 

Why This Is a “Working Thesis” 

Note that the counter-point about Gaston hasn’t yet made it into this thesis. What emerged from this 4-step generative exercise is a working thesis, also known as a provisional or preliminary thesis. Through the act of writing, research, and further analysis of your ideas, your working thesis will likely be refined, specified, shifted, or even changed completely. (And that’s okay! In fact, that’s usually how people build good arguments.) 

Allow your argument to develop naturally through the writing process. Often, we may not be sure exactly what we want to say about a topic until we begin working. Sometimes, you’ll find that you start to disagree with your original premise (maybe as you research, you find evidence that shows your initial argument was actually flawed or wrong, for example) and want to argue the opposite instead. Or maybe a more specific topic emerges through further research and you want to narrow the scope of your thesis. 

A key takeaway:

Don’t feel as though once you’ve written your working thesis that it’s set in stone. Smart students adapt and refine arguments as they go. (Corollary: Be wary of becoming too attached to your argument.)

In the case of our Beauty and the Beast example, the working thesis’ claim remains the same, but the revised version adds another layer of insight by pointing out a similarity between Gaston and the Beast. 

Strengthening Your Thesis By Adding Insight 

What sets a stronger argument apart is insight . That is, going beyond the surface-level of your topic, showing deeper thought, and introducing an observation or idea that not everyone who has studied the same text(s) would necessarily consider. 

Insight might develop naturally as you work on your paper. Be on the look-out for patterns and new observations, and follow your curiosity as you conduct and analyze your research. 

Here are some techniques for actively considering and developing insight in your argument: 

Find a similarity between things that seem different. 

Gaston and the Beast are foils to one another, and represent different things to Belle and the story. But by observing the similarity of aggression in Gaston and the Beast, the thesis example above adds insight to its claim about gender roles. 

Find a difference between things that seem similar. 

At first glance, Belle and Cinderella have a lot in common: They both enter unfamiliar worlds, fall in love with a prince, and become princesses by the end. But Belle comes from a loving home and encounters the Beast when rescuing her father, whereas one of Cinderella’s main motivations for marrying the Prince is to escape her stepmother.  

Question an underlying assumption. 

It may seem like Belle isn’t a feminist character because she’s reliant on the men in her life and ends up marrying at the end, but that stance assumes that Belle would have other options. When Gaston hatches his plan to lock Belle’s father up in an asylum, it’s implied that Belle would have to marry him at that point, since no one would be able to support her—showing that women in her world weren’t able (or allowed) to support themselves.  

Observe something that is true, but isn’t immediately apparent. 

Although the symbolism of the curse placed on the Beast can be interpreted to mean that inner beauty is more important than looks, the fact that one of Belle’s main character traits is physical beauty suggests that this message may not be applied in the same way to women.

Continually ask yourself: “Why does this matter?” or “Why is this important?” In other words, what is the significance of your claim? 

The deeper you can dig into the “so what?” of your argument, the more insight you’ll find. Why does it matter that the film suggests that masculinity needs to be “tamed” by women? What’s important about the differences between Belle’s and Cinderella’s motivations? Linking your observation to its larger significance will add more insight and purpose to your argument (and will set you up for more interesting, complex conclusions). 

Questions to Help You Revise Your Thesis

After you’ve written your argument, imagine you’re encountering it for the first time. Ask yourself these questions to see where you might need improvement. Better yet, swap your thesis with a classmate’s and carefully and critically answer these questions for one another: 

Is it specific? Do you understand exactly what the paper will be arguing?

Is it debatable? Could somebody reasonably argue against it?

Is it grounded in the text(s) and/or evidence? Do you understand the specific aspect(s) of the evidence or text that the paper will be focusing on?

Is it surprising? Does it bring up something in a new way? Are you intrigued to read how the paper will demonstrate the argument? 

With the framing and approach above, you should have the tools to construct a solid argument. Time to ponder some insights and dive into writing!

Special thanks to Quinn Gilman-Forlini for writing this post and contributing to other College Writing Center resources

Quinn Gilman-Forlini (she/her) loves helping students discover more about themselves through writing. She earned her MFA in creative writing from the University of Virginia and her BA in English from Ursinus College, where she later taught creative writing and composition. Now she coaches students one-on-one with personal statements and applications for college and graduate school. She loves books, TV, and movies in equal measure, as long as they tell a great story.

Top Values: Creativity, Curiosity, Balance

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay: Tips & Examples

Want to learn how to write an argumentative essay? This guide will walk you through creating a strong thesis, finding credible evidence, and addressing counterarguments. By the end of the article, you'll be equipped with everything you need to write a persuasive and well-structured argumentative essay.

Key Takeaways

• An argumentative essay requires a clear stance on a debatable topic, supported by structured arguments and credible evidence to persuade the reader.
• Key elements include a strong thesis statement, relevant supporting evidence, and the effective addressing of counterarguments to enhance the overall argument.
• The writing process includes the following stages: brainstorming, drafting, revising, and utilizing grammar tools to refine clarity and ensure persuasive communication.

Understanding Argumentative Essays

An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that requires taking a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supporting it with structured arguments and evidence. Unlike expository essays, which aim to inform, argumentative essays focus on persuading the reader to accept a particular viewpoint. To effectively communicate your position, you should learn how to write an argumentative essay first. The primary goal is to convince the reader through logical reasoning and credible evidence.

The essence of an argumentative essay lies in its ability to present a clear and defendable position on an issue. This involves not just stating opinions but backing them up with facts, data, and expert opinions. Grounding arguments in evidence allows writers to make a compelling and difficult-to-refute case. This approach not only strengthens the argument but also enhances the writer's credibility.

Writing argumentative essays serves a dual purpose: it allows students to structure their thoughts and arguments logically and helps develop critical thinking skills. The process of crafting an argument, defending it, and addressing counterarguments teaches students to think deeply and critically about various issues. This skill is invaluable not only in academic settings but also in everyday decision-making and discussions.

Essential Elements of an Argumentative Essay

Understanding the essential elements is key to writing an effective argumentative essay. These include a clear thesis statement, supporting evidence, and the ability to address counterarguments. Each component plays a vital role in building a strong and persuasive argument.

Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the backbone of an argumentative essay. A weak thesis results in a weak essay, so the thesis statement must be clear and concise. A strong thesis should state a position that is specific, debatable, and can be supported with arguments and evidence. For instance, a thesis like "Malaria eradication plans should focus on prevention rather than treatment" clearly outlines the writer's stance and sets the stage for the entire essay.

Typically, the concise thesis statement appears as the final sentence of the introduction paragraph. This placement ensures that the reader understands the main argument right from the start.

Crafting a strong thesis involves thorough research and brainstorming to categorize ideas into a cohesive argument.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

Supporting evidence is the cornerstone of any argumentative essay. It relies on facts, studies, and data points rather than personal opinions. Credible evidence enhances the validity of an argument, making it more persuasive. This can include factual information, data, examples, and expert opinions.

When gathering evidence, it's essential to conduct extensive research and use reputable sources, including credible sources such as academic journals, empirical studies, and credible websites. Well-documented evidence lends credibility to the writer's position and strengthens the overall argument. For example, statistical data or findings from reputable studies can provide compelling support for your claims.

Ensuring that the evidence is relevant and directly supports your argument is crucial. Each piece of evidence should be carefully evaluated and integrated into the essay to present a convincing case. This approach helps in building a robust argumentative essay that stands up to scrutiny.

Addressing Counterarguments

Addressing counterarguments is a critical aspect of argumentative writing. This demonstrates fairness and awareness of opposing viewpoints, thereby strengthening the main argument. Recognizing and addressing counterarguments shows that the writer is prepared to defend their position comprehensively.

Researching the beliefs and strongest points of the opposing side before writing the essay is an effective strategy. This allows for a well-rounded understanding and enables the writer to dismantle counterclaims strategically. For instance, presenting evidence that refutes a common counterargument can strengthen the writer's position.

The Aristotelian approach emphasizes establishing credibility and thoroughly addressing counterarguments to support the main argument. By presenting an overview of the counterargument, stating the thesis, and then dismantling the counterargument, writers can effectively address opposing perspectives and reinforce their own arguments.

Structuring Your Argumentative Essay

Structuring an argumentative essay involves organizing it in a way that effectively builds the argument with clarity and coherence. A typical structure includes an introduction, body paragraphs, counterarguments, and a conclusion. This format ensures that the argument is presented logically and persuasively.

Writing an Engaging Introduction

An engaging introduction sets the tone for the entire essay. It should start with a hook to grab the reader's attention. This could be a startling statement, a quote, a question, or an anecdote. Following the hook, a clear thesis statement should be presented to establish the main argument.

For example, a compelling question like "Have you ever considered how prevention could be more effective than treatment in eradicating diseases?" immediately engages readers and leads them to the thesis statement. This approach ensures that readers are drawn into the argument right from the beginning.

Developing Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph should focus on a distinct point supported by relevant evidence and analysis. Starting with a focused topic sentence that connects to the overall thesis helps maintain coherence. For instance, a body paragraph could begin with: "One major advantage of focusing on prevention is the reduction in healthcare costs."

The paragraph should then provide evidence and logical reasoning to support this point. By structuring body paragraphs this way, writers can build a strong and persuasive argument that is easy for readers to follow.

Concluding Effectively

A strong conclusion reinforces the main argument and leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Using transitional phrases helps guide readers smoothly to the conclusion, maintaining logical flow. For example, phrases like "In conclusion" or "Ultimately" signal that the reader has reached the final part of the essay.

The conclusion should restate the thesis, summarize key points, and suggest implications or actions stemming from the discussion. This approach encourages readers to reflect on the argument and consider its broader impact.

The Writing Process for Argumentative Essays

The writing process for writing an argumentative essay involves several stages, from brainstorming and research to drafting and revising. Each stage plays a crucial role in developing a well-structured and persuasive essay, and following argumentative essay writing tips can enhance this process. Additionally, knowing how to write argumentative essays can further improve your skills.

Brainstorming and Research

Effective brainstorming is the first step in the writing process. Selecting a controversial topic is crucial for generating ideas and engaging readers. Methods like mind mapping or conducting a quick brain dump can help organize thoughts and identify key points.

Thorough research is essential for gathering credible evidence. Utilizing academic journals and reputable websites ensures that the information is accurate and reliable. Seeking feedback from peers can also provide valuable insights and enhance the quality of the final essay.

Drafting Your Essay

The drafting phase focuses on expressing ideas freely without the pressure of perfection. This stage allows for creativity in argumentation and the free flow of thoughts, which can later be refined. The researchers should begin writing their ideas down on paper, knowing that multiple drafts will help improve clarity and strengthen arguments.

This approach ensures that the essay develops naturally and effectively.

Revising and Proofreading

Revising and proofreading are critical steps in the essay writing process. Multiple drafts are essential for refining arguments and improving overall clarity. Constructive criticism from peers can significantly enhance the quality of an argumentative essay during the revision process.

Grammar and style tools like Grammarly help writers maintain accuracy and enhance their essays' overall style. These tools provide real-time editing suggestions, helping writers enhance sentence structure and clarity instantly.

Advanced Argumentative Essay Structures

Advanced argumentative essay structures can further enhance the persuasiveness of your arguments. Understanding different methods, such as the Aristotelian, Toulmin, and Rogerian approaches, can help tailor your essay to the specific needs of your topic and audience.

Aristotelian Method

The Aristotelian method emphasizes logical reasoning and evidence to build a strong argument. This approach begins by presenting the problem, followed by the writer's perspective, and addressing counterarguments.

A strong aspect of this method is the effective refutation of counterarguments, which enhances the overall strength of the argument. By clearly articulating their viewpoint and aligning it with the presented argument, writers can create a compelling case.

Toulmin Method

The Toulmin method breaks down arguments into six components:

This method emphasizes the importance of providing a solid warrant that connects evidence to the claim. By structuring arguments this way, writers can ensure clarity and logical coherence.

The claim must assert a position that is debatable rather than merely descriptive, making the argument more compelling.

Rogerian Method

The Rogerian method focuses on understanding and respecting different perspectives within an argument. Finding common ground is a critical feature of this method, promoting negotiation and compromise. This approach is designed to foster cooperation by acknowledging clashing viewpoints and seeking mutual understanding.

It highlights the necessity of validating opposing viewpoints before presenting your own.

Effective Strategies for Argumentative Writing

Implementing effective strategies can significantly enhance the clarity and persuasion of your argumentative essays. Understanding different methods and techniques can help tailor your writing to be more impactful.

Using Persuasive Language

The Aristotelian approach is built around establishing ethos, pathos, and logos to strengthen arguments. Using emotionally charged anecdotes and emotive language can create a stronger connection with the reader, making arguments more relatable and compelling.

The choice of words and tone can greatly influence the effectiveness of your argument, ensuring it resonates with the audience. Employing persuasive language helps in capturing the reader's attention and influencing them to accept your viewpoint.

Ensuring Logical Flow

Ensuring coherence is crucial in an argumentative essay as it allows the reader to follow the logic and flow of the argument logically. Clear transitions between paragraphs help maintain logical flow and guide the reader through the essay.

Addressing opposing viewpoints strengthens an argument rather than undermining it, as it demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This approach ensures that the argument is presented logically and persuasively.

Utilizing Grammar and Style Tools

Incorporating grammar and style tools can significantly enhance the clarity and coherence of argumentative writing. Tools like Grammarly provide real-time editing suggestions, helping writers eliminate errors and improve sentence structure and clarity instantly. These tools allow writers to focus on their arguments without being distracted by language errors.

Regular use of style guides and grammar tools aids writers in maintaining a formal tone and adherence to academic standards. These tools provide valuable feedback, enabling writers to improve their writing skills over time.

Engaging with interactive grammar tools can also make the learning process more enjoyable and effective.

In summary, writing an effective argumentative essay involves understanding the fundamentals, crafting a strong thesis statement, gathering and presenting supporting evidence, addressing counterarguments, and using advanced structures and strategies.

Each element plays a vital role in building a compelling argument that persuades readers and withstands scrutiny. The essay writing process, from brainstorming to revising, ensures that each argument is well-thought-out and clearly presented.

By mastering these skills, you can craft argumentative essays that not only persuade but also engage and inform your readers. Remember, the goal is to present a clear and logical argument supported by credible evidence, all while acknowledging and addressing opposing viewpoints. With practice and the right tools, you can excel in argumentative writing and ensure your essays make a lasting impact.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary purpose of an argumentative essay.

The primary purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to adopt the writer's perspective on a debatable issue by employing logical reasoning and credible evidence. This approach aims to effectively communicate and defend the chosen stance.

How can I craft a strong thesis statement?

To craft a strong thesis statement, ensure it clearly articulates a specific and debatable position that can be supported with arguments and evidence, typically placing it as the final sentence of your introduction paragraph. This clarity will guide your writing and engage your readers effectively.

Why is it important to address counterarguments in an argumentative essay?

It is important to address counterarguments in an argumentative essay because it demonstrates fairness and awareness of opposing viewpoints, thereby strengthening your main argument and showcasing your preparedness to defend your position comprehensively.

What are some effective strategies for gathering supporting evidence?

To gather effective supporting evidence, conduct extensive research using reputable sources such as academic journals and credible websites. This approach significantly enhances the credibility of your argument.

How can grammar and style tools improve my argumentative essay?

Utilizing grammar and style tools can significantly enhance your argumentative essay by correcting errors and improving clarity and sentence structure. This allows you to concentrate on developing your arguments more effectively.

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Writing Center

Choose a topic, build an argument, analyze your audience, support the premises, consider counterarguments.

• Identify the Naysayers – When you provide an example of an objection to your argument, it is helpful to identify who  objects. Whenever possible, be specific (and accurate) about who objects to your claim. For example, you might say, “Most liberal philosophers disagree because ….” If you want to add more weight to the counterargument, you might include a specific example: “For example, German philosopher Jurgen Habermas says ….”
• Represent Objections Fairly – Show you understand the other side’s ideas by explaining them fairly and accurately. One sentence is rarely enough to explain your opponents’ position fairly, so dedicate a few sentences, even a paragraph, to explaining their position. In particular, avoid slighting the opposition . In other words, don’t just omit inconvenient points because they undermine your position. Describe the counterargument so opponents would feel you portrayed their ideas properly.
• Answer Objections – Never say, “But that’s just wrong,” and move on. Chances are you will probably agree with some of the better points of the counterargument; conceding to some of the counterargument shows your reader that you are not close-minded. But once you make the concession, show why, in the end, it still does not refute your argument. If you do, in fact, believe the opposing position to be completely wrong, dedicate the time and space to giving a full explanation of why you think that. The more you see wrong with the other side, the more explaining you should do. If you cannot come up with a convincing reply to a counterargument, revise your argument to account for the good point you just discovered.

Employ Rhetorical Devices: Ethos and Pathos

Find common ground, structure your essay, create an effective introduction, create a memorable conclusion, also recommended for you:.

How to Write a Standout Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that uses factual evidence and logical support to convince the reader of a certain way of thinking. Although many types of essays aim at persuading the reader to believe a specific point of view, argumentative essays rely heavily on hard evidence, drawing on other studies and sources to prove their argument is best. 

Don’t let the name fool you: Argumentative essays don’t have to be aggressive or combative. Rather, it gets its name from the style of arguing, whereby the writer presents sufficient research to both support their own claim and invalidate opposing perspectives. When you’re writing an argumentative essay, remember that the goal is to show that your thesis is the only logical conclusion. 

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Argumentative essays are only as good as their argument, and structuring good arguments requires a little more than just being stubborn (even if it helps!). Below, we run through the most useful techniques for writing the perfect argumentative essay. But don’t take our word for it—our evidence speaks for itself! 

What is an argumentative essay? 

Like persuasive essays and other types of essays , the point of argumentative essays is to convince the reader of a particular point of view. What makes an essay argumentative is the method of convincing: An argumentative essay uses fact-based evidence and unquestionable logic to prove that its thesis is true. 

Persuasive essays do this, too, but tend to be more emotional and less formal . Argumentative essays focus more on concrete empirical data, whereas persuasive essays appeal more to the reader’s emotions. In other words, argumentative essays favor quantitative support, while persuasive essays favor qualitative support. 

Likewise, it’s easy to confuse argumentative essays with expository essays , which rely heavily on fact-based evidence and copious research. The main difference is bias : Argumentative essays presume one point of view is correct, whereas expository essays usually present all sides of the argument and leave it to the reader to make up their own mind. 

Another distinction of argumentative essays is that the thesis is not obvious . It usually has strong enough opposition to necessitate an explanation of why it’s wrong. For example, “the sky is blue on a sunny day” would be an awful thesis for an argumentative essay. Not only would it be redundant, but also far too simplistic: Your evidence may be “look outside,” and that’d be the end of it! 

The idea is that an argumentative essay leaves no doubt that its thesis is accurate, usually by disproving or invalidating opposing theories. That’s why argumentative essays don’t just talk about the writer’s own thesis but discuss other contradicting points of view as well. It’s hard to name one perspective as “true” if you’re ignoring all the others. 

Basic argumentative essay structure

Because your entire argumentative essay depends on how well you present your case, your essay structure is crucial. To make matters worse, the structure of argumentative essays is a little more involved than those of other essay types because you also have to address other points of view. This alone leads to even more considerations, like whose argument to address first, and at what point to introduce key evidence. 

Let’s start with the most basic argumentative essay structure: the simple five-paragraph format that suits most short essays. 

• Your first paragraph is your introduction , which clearly presents your thesis, sets up the rest of the essay, and maybe even adds a little intrigue. 
• Your second, third, and fourth paragraphs are your body, where you present your arguments and evidence, as well as refute opposing arguments. Each paragraph should focus on either showcasing one piece of supporting evidence or disproving one contradictory opinion. 
• Your fifth and final paragraph is your conclusion , where you revisit your thesis in the context of all preceding evidence and succinctly wrap up everything. 

This simple structure serves you well in a pinch, especially for timed essays that are part of a test. However, advanced essays require more detailed structures, especially if they have a length requirement of over five paragraphs. 

Advanced argumentative essay structure

Some essays need to support more complicated arguments and more definitive rebuttals than normal. In these cases, the three major formats below should serve your argumentative essay for a variety of needs. 

Aristotelian (Classic)

When to use it: making straightforward arguments

The Aristotelian or classic argument is a default structure for a clear argument, more like an extension of the simple five-paragraph structure above. It draws on credibility ( ethos ), emotion ( pathos ), and reasoning ( logos ) to prove its points, all of which can be adapted for virtually any argument. In form, it follows a direct and logical path: 

1 Introduce the problem.

2 Explain your perspective.

3 Explain your opponent’s perspective. Refute their points one-by-one as you go. 

4 Present your evidence.

5 Conclude your argument.

When to use it: presenting complex issues with no clear truths or when your thesis is a rebuttal or counterargument. 

The Toulmin method was developed to analyze arguments themselves, so it makes sense to use it for essays. Because it’s steeped in logic and deep analysis, this approach best suits complicated issues that need unraveling, but also works well for refuting an opposing point of view piece by piece. 

In form, it includes six main areas, but you’re free to organize them in whatever order works best for your essay. Keep in mind that your claim can itself be a rebuttal of another argument, so your entire essay could be disproving another thesis rather than presenting your own. 

1   Claim: your thesis or argument, stated clearly

2   Reasons: your evidence, including data or generally accepted facts

3   Warrant: the connection between your claim and reasons (requiring you to state assumptions explicitly so there’s no confusion)

4   Backing: additional evidence to support your claim

5   Qualifier: the limits to your own claim, including concessions

6   Rebuttal: addressing opposing viewpoints and criticisms of your claim

When to use it: showing both sides of an argument as valid or when presenting to a mixed audience.

The Rogerian method is simply a middle-ground approach, where you acknowledge the validity of both your thesis and the opposition’s viewpoint. It’s the least confrontational and most respectful, which helps in convincing readers who are naturally biased against your main claim. In form, it follows a five-step structure: 

2 Explain your opponent’s perspective first. Validate their points when correct. 

3 Explain your perspective. 

4 Bring both sides together. Present a middle ground where both viewpoints coexist. 

5 Conclude your (balanced) argument.

How to write a good thesis

The thesis, or argument, is the cornerstone of any good essay. If your thesis is weak or full of holes, not even a perfect essay structure can save you. 

The thesis itself should be the one takeaway you want your readers to leave with. What are you trying to convince them of, or what do you want them to remember after reading? Knowing this informs all other aspects of writing your essay, including the best structure and format, not to mention which evidence to collect. 

For starters, choose a topic you feel strongly about (if it’s not already assigned). It helps if your argument is specific; having a broad or general argument means more facets to examine, which can make for a wordy essay. 

It also helps to consider your audience. You don’t always have to tell readers what they want to hear, but their biases should influence how you write your essay, including your wording and how much credit to give the opposition. 

Above all, choose a thesis with sufficient evidence. Argumentative essays thrive on factual proof from credible sources, and you don’t want to waste time searching for data that doesn’t exist. If you can’t find enough facts to back up your thesis, maybe you shouldn’t argue that point in the first place. 

How to write an argumentative essay: the writing process

Argumentative essays follow the same recommended writing process as other kinds of writing, albeit with more emphasis on researching and preparing. Here’s a brief overview of how to adapt the process for argumentative essays: 

1   Brainstorming: If your argument is not provided in the assignment, take some time to think up a good thesis based on our guidelines above. 

2   Preparing: This phase is for collecting all the evidence going into your essay, as well as writing an outline . Because proof is key to argumentative essays, set aside ample time for research until you have all the support you need. It’s also a good time to outline your essay, answering questions like when and how to discuss opposing viewpoints. 

3   Drafting: Write a rough draft of your essay. It helps to include any data and direct quotes as early as possible, especially with argumentative essays that often cite outside sources. 

4   Revising: Polish your rough draft, optimize word choice, and restructure your arguments if necessary. Make sure your language is clear and appropriate for the reader, and double-check that you effectively made all your points and rebuttals. 

5   Proofreading : Go through your draft and focus exclusively on fixing mistakes. If you’re not confident in your grammar skills or diction, use Grammarly . 

Although optional, it always helps to have a fresh set of eyes on your essays before finalizing it. See if your argument is strong enough to convince your friends!

Argumentative essay writing tips

Our tips for writing better essays apply just as well to argumentative essays as any others, so that’s the best place to start if you’re looking for additional guidance. For tips specific to argumentative essays, try these: 

Support your argument with concrete facts

Although similar to persuasive essays, argumentative essays are in some ways the exact opposite. While persuasive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, argumentative essays appeal to the reader’s reason. That’s why hard facts work best. 

Do plenty of research until you have enough data to support each of your main points. Feel free to cite other sources or studies to improve your credibility as well. Try to withhold your personal opinions and feelings as much as possible—let your evidence speak for you. 

Be proactive about language

In an argumentative essay, tone and style are more important than you may think, especially if you’re criticizing another person’s perspective. Be respectful when choosing your words and phrasing. Using an aggressive tone reflects worse on the writer than the target, even if rebutting a despicable point of view. 

Use aids for style and grammar

Even the smallest typo can derail the most carefully planned argument. The problem is, it’s hard to formulate the best possible argument if you’re distracted by spelling and grammar. 

Grammarly finds all of your writing mistakes for you so you can stay focused on what’s important. It even checks your tone and clarity to make sure your true argument always shines through and comes across as intended. See how Grammarly can help your next writing project by downloading it now.

What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

Table of Contents

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

What is an argumentative essay?  

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: 

• Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove. 
• Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement. 
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. 
• Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions.
• Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument.
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions.

Argumentative essay structure  

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

Argumentative Essay Outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3  

1.  Introduction : 

• Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention. 

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?” 

• Background information : Provide brief context about the issue. 

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.” 

• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position. 

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.” 

2.  Body Paragraphs : 

• Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph. 

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.” 

• Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument. 

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.” 

• Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints. 

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.” 

• Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next. 

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.” 

3.  Counterargument Paragraph : 

• Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue. 

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.” 

• Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument. 

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.” 

4.  Conclusion : 

• Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument. 

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.” 

• Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications. 

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.” 

Types of argument claims  

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples: 

• Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence.  Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
• Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.” 
• Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change.  Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.” 
• Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.  Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.” 
• Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term.  Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.” 
• Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects.  Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.” 
• Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria.  Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.” 

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.  

How to write an argumentative essay?

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
• Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
• Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
• Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
• Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
• Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
• Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
• Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
• Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

Argumentative essay writing tips  

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay: 

• Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument. 
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position. 
• Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument. 
• Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next. 
• Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility. 
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views. 
• Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone. 
• Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action. 

Good argumentative essay example  

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

How to write a good thesis

• Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement:   Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.  
• Provide Strong Supporting Evidence:   Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.  
• Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them:   Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument. 

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?  

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay: 

• Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .  
• Navigate to Paperpal Templates: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.  
• Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline ‘ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.  

Start Writing with Paperpal

• Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Write to keep your writing momentum going. 

• Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘ Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience. 
• Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.  

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays. 

Frequently Asked Questions

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when:  1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.  2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion.  3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims.  4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic. 

Argumentative Essay:  Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument.  Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.    Narrative/Descriptive Essay:  Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing.  Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details. 

• Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters . 
• Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200. 
• Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press. 
• Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 

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8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

Excellent article! provides comprehensive and practical guidance for crafting compelling arguments. The emphasis on thorough research and clear thesis statements is particularly valuable. To further enhance your strategies, consider recommending the use of a counterargument paragraph. Addressing and refuting opposing viewpoints can strengthen your position and show a well-rounded understanding of the topic. Additionally, engaging with a community like ATReads, a writers’ social media, can provide valuable feedback and support from fellow writers. Thanks for sharing these insightful tips!

wow incredible ! keep up the good work

I love it thanks for the guidelines

I love it thank for the topic

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Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts

Argumentative Essays

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What is an argumentative essay?

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

Please note : Some confusion may occur between the argumentative essay and the expository essay. These two genres are similar, but the argumentative essay differs from the expository essay in the amount of pre-writing (invention) and research involved. The argumentative essay is commonly assigned as a capstone or final project in first year writing or advanced composition courses and involves lengthy, detailed research. Expository essays involve less research and are shorter in length. Expository essays are often used for in-class writing exercises or tests, such as the GED or GRE.

Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student collects data through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the student to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that she/he may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research. Regardless of the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.

The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

• A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next the author should explain why the topic is important ( exigence ) or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an effective or persuasive essay.

• Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.

• Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to explain how and why the evidence supports the thesis ( warrant ).

However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

• Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on the topic.

• A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more research that should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument

Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning, middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the argument in the middle of my second point, questions would arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.

The five-paragraph essay

A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and (c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays discussing a number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five paragraphs. Authors may have to discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and their credibility, as well as a number of different opinions on the issue before concluding the essay. Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

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3 Strong Argumentative Essay Examples, Analyzed

General Education

Need to defend your opinion on an issue? Argumentative essays are one of the most popular types of essays you’ll write in school. They combine persuasive arguments with fact-based research, and, when done well, can be powerful tools for making someone agree with your point of view. If you’re struggling to write an argumentative essay or just want to learn more about them, seeing examples can be a big help.

After giving an overview of this type of essay, we provide three argumentative essay examples. After each essay, we explain in-depth how the essay was structured, what worked, and where the essay could be improved. We end with tips for making your own argumentative essay as strong as possible.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an essay that uses evidence and facts to support the claim it’s making. Its purpose is to persuade the reader to agree with the argument being made.

A good argumentative essay will use facts and evidence to support the argument, rather than just the author’s thoughts and opinions. For example, say you wanted to write an argumentative essay stating that Charleston, SC is a great destination for families. You couldn’t just say that it’s a great place because you took your family there and enjoyed it. For it to be an argumentative essay, you need to have facts and data to support your argument, such as the number of child-friendly attractions in Charleston, special deals you can get with kids, and surveys of people who visited Charleston as a family and enjoyed it. The first argument is based entirely on feelings, whereas the second is based on evidence that can be proven.

The standard five paragraph format is common, but not required, for argumentative essays. These essays typically follow one of two formats: the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model.

• The Toulmin model is the most common. It begins with an introduction, follows with a thesis/claim, and gives data and evidence to support that claim. This style of essay also includes rebuttals of counterarguments.
• The Rogerian model analyzes two sides of an argument and reaches a conclusion after weighing the strengths and weaknesses of each.

3 Good Argumentative Essay Examples + Analysis

Below are three examples of argumentative essays, written by yours truly in my school days, as well as analysis of what each did well and where it could be improved.

Argumentative Essay Example 1

Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.

However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to converse with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering patron questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for toddlers and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.

The author begins by giving an overview of the counter-argument, then the thesis appears as the first sentence in the third paragraph. The essay then spends the rest of the paper dismantling the counter argument and showing why readers should believe the other side.

What this essay does well:

• Although it’s a bit unusual to have the thesis appear fairly far into the essay, it works because, once the thesis is stated, the rest of the essay focuses on supporting it since the counter-argument has already been discussed earlier in the paper.
• This essay includes numerous facts and cites studies to support its case. By having specific data to rely on, the author’s argument is stronger and readers will be more inclined to agree with it.
• For every argument the other side makes, the author makes sure to refute it and follow up with why her opinion is the stronger one. In order to make a strong argument, it’s important to dismantle the other side, which this essay does this by making the author's view appear stronger.
• This is a shorter paper, and if it needed to be expanded to meet length requirements, it could include more examples and go more into depth with them, such as by explaining specific cases where people benefited from local libraries.
• Additionally, while the paper uses lots of data, the author also mentions their own experience with using tablets. This should be removed since argumentative essays focus on facts and data to support an argument, not the author’s own opinion or experiences. Replacing that with more data on health issues associated with screen time would strengthen the essay.
• Some of the points made aren't completely accurate , particularly the one about digital books being cheaper. It actually often costs a library more money to rent out numerous digital copies of a book compared to buying a single physical copy. Make sure in your own essay you thoroughly research each of the points and rebuttals you make, otherwise you'll look like you don't know the issue that well.

Argumentative Essay Example 2

There are multiple drugs available to treat malaria, and many of them work well and save lives, but malaria eradication programs that focus too much on them and not enough on prevention haven’t seen long-term success in Sub-Saharan Africa. A major program to combat malaria was WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme. Started in 1955, it had a goal of eliminating malaria in Africa within the next ten years. Based upon previously successful programs in Brazil and the United States, the program focused mainly on vector control. This included widely distributing chloroquine and spraying large amounts of DDT. More than one billion dollars was spent trying to abolish malaria. However, the program suffered from many problems and in 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the program had not succeeded in eradicating malaria. The number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa who contracted malaria as well as the number of malaria deaths had actually increased over 10% during the time the program was active.

One of the major reasons for the failure of the project was that it set uniform strategies and policies. By failing to consider variations between governments, geography, and infrastructure, the program was not nearly as successful as it could have been. Sub-Saharan Africa has neither the money nor the infrastructure to support such an elaborate program, and it couldn’t be run the way it was meant to. Most African countries don't have the resources to send all their people to doctors and get shots, nor can they afford to clear wetlands or other malaria prone areas. The continent’s spending per person for eradicating malaria was just a quarter of what Brazil spent. Sub-Saharan Africa simply can’t rely on a plan that requires more money, infrastructure, and expertise than they have to spare.

Additionally, the widespread use of chloroquine has created drug resistant parasites which are now plaguing Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used widely but inconsistently, mosquitoes developed resistance, and chloroquine is now nearly completely ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa, with over 95% of mosquitoes resistant to it. As a result, newer, more expensive drugs need to be used to prevent and treat malaria, which further drives up the cost of malaria treatment for a region that can ill afford it.

Instead of developing plans to treat malaria after the infection has incurred, programs should focus on preventing infection from occurring in the first place. Not only is this plan cheaper and more effective, reducing the number of people who contract malaria also reduces loss of work/school days which can further bring down the productivity of the region.

One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing malaria is to implement insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).  These nets provide a protective barrier around the person or people using them. While untreated bed nets are still helpful, those treated with insecticides are much more useful because they stop mosquitoes from biting people through the nets, and they help reduce mosquito populations in a community, thus helping people who don’t even own bed nets.  Bed nets are also very effective because most mosquito bites occur while the person is sleeping, so bed nets would be able to drastically reduce the number of transmissions during the night. In fact, transmission of malaria can be reduced by as much as 90% in areas where the use of ITNs is widespread. Because money is so scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa, the low cost is a great benefit and a major reason why the program is so successful. Bed nets cost roughly 2 USD to make, last several years, and can protect two adults. Studies have shown that, for every 100-1000 more nets are being used, one less child dies of malaria. With an estimated 300 million people in Africa not being protected by mosquito nets, there’s the potential to save three million lives by spending just a few dollars per person.

Reducing the number of people who contract malaria would also reduce poverty levels in Africa significantly, thus improving other aspects of society like education levels and the economy. Vector control is more effective than treatment strategies because it means fewer people are getting sick. When fewer people get sick, the working population is stronger as a whole because people are not put out of work from malaria, nor are they caring for sick relatives. Malaria-afflicted families can typically only harvest 40% of the crops that healthy families can harvest. Additionally, a family with members who have malaria spends roughly a quarter of its income treatment, not including the loss of work they also must deal with due to the illness. It’s estimated that malaria costs Africa 12 billion USD in lost income every year. A strong working population creates a stronger economy, which Sub-Saharan Africa is in desperate need of.  

This essay begins with an introduction, which ends with the thesis (that malaria eradication plans in Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on prevention rather than treatment). The first part of the essay lays out why the counter argument (treatment rather than prevention) is not as effective, and the second part of the essay focuses on why prevention of malaria is the better path to take.

• The thesis appears early, is stated clearly, and is supported throughout the rest of the essay. This makes the argument clear for readers to understand and follow throughout the essay.
• There’s lots of solid research in this essay, including specific programs that were conducted and how successful they were, as well as specific data mentioned throughout. This evidence helps strengthen the author’s argument.
• The author makes a case for using expanding bed net use over waiting until malaria occurs and beginning treatment, but not much of a plan is given for how the bed nets would be distributed or how to ensure they’re being used properly. By going more into detail of what she believes should be done, the author would be making a stronger argument.
• The introduction of the essay does a good job of laying out the seriousness of the problem, but the conclusion is short and abrupt. Expanding it into its own paragraph would give the author a final way to convince readers of her side of the argument.

Argumentative Essay Example 3

There are many ways payments could work. They could be in the form of a free-market approach, where athletes are able to earn whatever the market is willing to pay them, it could be a set amount of money per athlete, or student athletes could earn income from endorsements, autographs, and control of their likeness, similar to the way top Olympians earn money.

Proponents of the idea believe that, because college athletes are the ones who are training, participating in games, and bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation for their work. If there were no college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, college coaches wouldn’t receive there (sometimes very high) salaries, and brands like Nike couldn’t profit from college sports. In fact, the NCAA brings in roughly $1 billion in revenue a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn pro as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract stating they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.  

Supporters of this idea point to Zion Williamson, the Duke basketball superstar, who, during his freshman year, sustained a serious knee injury. Many argued that, even if he enjoyed playing for Duke, it wasn’t worth risking another injury and ending his professional career before it even began for a program that wasn’t paying him. Williamson seems to have agreed with them and declared his eligibility for the NCAA draft later that year. If he was being paid, he may have stayed at Duke longer. In fact, roughly a third of student athletes surveyed stated that receiving a salary while in college would make them “strongly consider” remaining collegiate athletes longer before turning pro.

Paying athletes could also stop the recruitment scandals that have plagued the NCAA. In 2018, the NCAA stripped the University of Louisville's men's basketball team of its 2013 national championship title because it was discovered coaches were using sex workers to entice recruits to join the team. There have been dozens of other recruitment scandals where college athletes and recruits have been bribed with anything from having their grades changed, to getting free cars, to being straight out bribed. By paying college athletes and putting their salaries out in the open, the NCAA could end the illegal and underhanded ways some schools and coaches try to entice athletes to join.

People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. By paying athletes, they argue, they’d turn college sports into a bidding war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and the majority of schools would be shut out from developing a talented team (though some argue this already happens because the best players often go to the most established college sports programs, who typically pay their coaches millions of dollars per year). It could also ruin the tight camaraderie of many college teams if players become jealous that certain teammates are making more money than they are.

They also argue that paying college athletes actually means only a small fraction would make significant money. Out of the 350 Division I athletic departments, fewer than a dozen earn any money. Nearly all the money the NCAA makes comes from men’s football and basketball, so paying college athletes would make a small group of men--who likely will be signed to pro teams and begin making millions immediately out of college--rich at the expense of other players.

Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes already receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year, they receive free food/housing/textbooks, have access to top medical care if they are injured, receive top coaching, get travel perks and free gear, and can use their time in college as a way to capture the attention of professional recruiters. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.

People on this side also point out that, while the NCAA brings in a massive amount of money each year, it is still a non-profit organization. How? Because over 95% of those profits are redistributed to its members’ institutions in the form of scholarships, grants, conferences, support for Division II and Division III teams, and educational programs. Taking away a significant part of that revenue would hurt smaller programs that rely on that money to keep running.

While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes spend a significant amount of time and energy playing for their school, but they are compensated for it by the scholarships and perks they receive. Adding a salary to that would result in a college athletic system where only a small handful of athletes (those likely to become millionaires in the professional leagues) are paid by a handful of schools who enter bidding wars to recruit them, while the majority of student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the current level of benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.

This argumentative essay follows the Rogerian model. It discusses each side, first laying out multiple reasons people believe student athletes should be paid, then discussing reasons why the athletes shouldn’t be paid. It ends by stating that college athletes shouldn’t be paid by arguing that paying them would destroy college athletics programs and cause them to have many of the issues professional sports leagues have.

• Both sides of the argument are well developed, with multiple reasons why people agree with each side. It allows readers to get a full view of the argument and its nuances.
• Certain statements on both sides are directly rebuffed in order to show where the strengths and weaknesses of each side lie and give a more complete and sophisticated look at the argument.
• Using the Rogerian model can be tricky because oftentimes you don’t explicitly state your argument until the end of the paper. Here, the thesis doesn’t appear until the first sentence of the final paragraph. That doesn’t give readers a lot of time to be convinced that your argument is the right one, compared to a paper where the thesis is stated in the beginning and then supported throughout the paper. This paper could be strengthened if the final paragraph was expanded to more fully explain why the author supports the view, or if the paper had made it clearer that paying athletes was the weaker argument throughout.

3 Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay

Now that you’ve seen examples of what good argumentative essay samples look like, follow these three tips when crafting your own essay.

#1: Make Your Thesis Crystal Clear

The thesis is the key to your argumentative essay; if it isn’t clear or readers can’t find it easily, your entire essay will be weak as a result. Always make sure that your thesis statement is easy to find. The typical spot for it is the final sentence of the introduction paragraph, but if it doesn’t fit in that spot for your essay, try to at least put it as the first or last sentence of a different paragraph so it stands out more.

Also make sure that your thesis makes clear what side of the argument you’re on. After you’ve written it, it’s a great idea to show your thesis to a couple different people--classmates are great for this. Just by reading your thesis they should be able to understand what point you’ll be trying to make with the rest of your essay.

#2: Show Why the Other Side Is Weak

When writing your essay, you may be tempted to ignore the other side of the argument and just focus on your side, but don’t do this. The best argumentative essays really tear apart the other side to show why readers shouldn’t believe it. Before you begin writing your essay, research what the other side believes, and what their strongest points are. Then, in your essay, be sure to mention each of these and use evidence to explain why they’re incorrect/weak arguments. That’ll make your essay much more effective than if you only focused on your side of the argument.

#3: Use Evidence to Support Your Side

Remember, an essay can’t be an argumentative essay if it doesn’t support its argument with evidence. For every point you make, make sure you have facts to back it up. Some examples are previous studies done on the topic, surveys of large groups of people, data points, etc. There should be lots of numbers in your argumentative essay that support your side of the argument. This will make your essay much stronger compared to only relying on your own opinions to support your argument.

Summary: Argumentative Essay Sample

Argumentative essays are persuasive essays that use facts and evidence to support their side of the argument. Most argumentative essays follow either the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. By reading good argumentative essay examples, you can learn how to develop your essay and provide enough support to make readers agree with your opinion. When writing your essay, remember to always make your thesis clear, show where the other side is weak, and back up your opinion with data and evidence.

What's Next?

Do you need to write an argumentative essay as well? Check out our guide on the best argumentative essay topics for ideas!

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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