how to make science experiments explode

Top 12 Explosive Science Experiments: Ignite Your Curiosity

There’s something thrilling about science experiments that pop, sizzle, and explode. While they must always be conducted with utmost safety, these explosive experiments offer an exhilarating way to explore fundamental principles of chemistry and physics.

Welcome to our list of the top 12, hand-picked exploding science experiments, curated especially for students like you. Brace yourself for mind-blowing chemical reactions, thrilling explosions, and awe-inspiring demonstrations.

These experiments offer an exhilarating blend of entertainment and education, providing an unique opportunity to witness the powerful forces of chemistry in action.

Gear up, embrace the excitement, and let these exploding experiments ignite a lifelong passion for scientific discovery!

Remember, safety is of utmost importance during any scientific experiment.

1. Watermelon Explosion

Beyond the sheer excitement and thrill, this experiment provides a hands-on lesson in pressure, energy transfer, and the scientific principle of potential energy.

So, grab a watermelon, strap on those rubber bands, and get ready for a blast of scientific discovery!

2. Exploding Baggie Burst

With the simple combination of vinegar and baking soda inside a sealed baggie, students can witness the exhilarating moment when the baggie bursts with a loud pop and releases a cloud of gas.

3. Exploding Sidewalk Chalk

Make colorful explosions with the Exploding Sidewalk Chalk experiment! By combining common household materials like sidewalk chalk and vinegar, they can create a fascinating chemical reaction that results in vibrant bursts of color.

4. Water Bottle Popper

Get ready for a popping sensation with the Water Bottle Popper experiment! By combining the forces of air pressure and a quick release mechanism, they can create an exciting burst of energy that launches the cap off a water bottle with a satisfying pop.

Learn more: Water Bottle Popper

5. Colorful Bubble Bombs

Get ready for a burst of colorful and bubbly fun with the Colorful Bubble Bombs experiment! Students should definitely try this engaging and visually delightful activity.

Learn more: Colorful Bubble Bombs

6. Big Toothpaste Eruption

Get ready for a massive eruption of fun with the Big Toothpaste Eruption experiment! Students should absolutely try this engaging and visually stunning experiment.

It’s a fantastic way to foster a love for science, spark curiosity, and learn about the wonders of chemical reactions in a playful and memorable way.

7. Multi-Colored Volcano

Get ready to unleash a vibrant explosion of colors with the Multi-Colored Volcano experiment! By combining baking soda, vinegar, and a variety of colorful substances like food coloring or powdered paint, they can create an extraordinary eruption that paints the volcano in a mesmerizing array of hues.

Learn more: Multi-Colored Volcano

8. Water Bottle Rockets

Prepare for a thrilling blast-off with the Water Bottle Rockets experiment! Students should absolutely try this exhilarating and hands-on activity. By constructing their own rockets using simple materials like plastic bottles, fins, and a pressurized air source, they can witness their creations soar into the sky.

9. Milk Color Explosion Science

Get ready for a mesmerizing explosion of colors with the Milk Color Explosion experiment! Students should definitely try this captivating and visually stunning activity.

By combining milk, food coloring, and dish soap, they can witness an extraordinary display of swirling, vibrant colors bursting to life right before their eyes.

10. Microwave Ivory Soap

Get ready for a foamy explosion with the Microwave Ivory Soap experiment! Students should definitely try this exciting and hands-on activity.

By placing a bar of Ivory soap in the microwave, they can witness an astonishing transformation as the soap rapidly expands into a fluffy cloud of foam.

11. Exploding Lava Science Bottle

Get ready for an explosive and mesmerizing adventure with the Exploding Lava Science Bottle experiment! Students should absolutely try this captivating and hands-on activity.

Learn more: Exploding Lava Science Bottle

12. Exploding Rainbow Easter Egg

Students can experiment with different colors and proportions to create their own unique bubble bombs. It’s a hands-on and interactive way to learn about the wonders of chemistry while enjoying a playful and colorful experience.

Learn more: Exploding Rainbow Easter Egg

12. Exploding Pumpkin

Get ready for an explosion of colors with the Exploding Rainbow Easter Egg experiment! Students should definitely try this exciting and visually captivating activity.

Learn more: Exploding Pumpkin

Explosive Science Experiments for Kids

March 20, 2023 By Emma Vanstone Leave a Comment

Is there anything more fun than an explosive science experiment ? This collection of explosive, fizzy and sometimes messy science activities is sure to appeal to even the most reluctant little scientist s, and the kids who love science already will REALLY enjoy erupting volcanoes, launching rockets and generally just doing awesome science at home.

Exploding science experiments

Erupting soda geyser.

The most well known explosive experiment is probably the infamous coke and mentos eruption ! This science experiment is a must-try for everyone and always leads to shrieks of joy as the geyser of coke shoots into the air.

My top tip is to add the mentos as quickly as possible. If you’re struggling to get it to work well, try the extreme geyser tube from Steve Spangler.

Exploding watermelon

123 Homeschool 4 Me has a fantastic exploding watermelon , which looks impressive, but do take care, as it will explode with a bang!

Film canister rocket

Film canister rockets are always fun, but they fly quickly, so stand back immediately. Before starting, it’s a good idea to use chalk to mark out a safe observation area on the ground and ask an adult to add the ingredients to the canister and place it on the ground.

Experiment with different combinations of vinegar and baking soda to make this an investigation.

Film Canister rocket - explosive science for kids

Elephant Toothpaste

Another fun, explosive science experiment to try with kids is making elephant toothpaste . It’s a big reaction that looks amazing! We wouldn’t recommend going for the elephant toothpaste world record , though.

Children and a teacher watching an elephants toothpaste experiment in a classroom.

To kick the fun up a notch, instead of a single colour elephant toothpaste, try a rainbow toothpaste explosion ! Talk about an amazing visual effect!

Water bottle popper

If you are short on materials, you can set up an explosive science experiment with a single water bottle to make the bottle cap pop out from the bottle.

Exploding lolly sticks

A popsicle stick chain reaction is one of the best exploding science experiments. All you need are craft sticks or popsicle sticks, and the explosion is incredible, although setting it up does take a bit of patience.

craft stick chain reaction with coloured pom poms on top

Baking soda potions

Erupting potions in a test tube or beaker made with baking soda and vinegar is always fun! We like to make witchy potions for Halloween , love potions for Valentine’s Day and fairy potions for any time of year.

Splatter patterns

Experiment with water balloons or balloons filled with paint and create different patterns. Watching the splatter patterns change depending on where you drop them from is great fun and a fab science investigation for kids.

Erupting soap

Erupting soap is yet another classic and well known explosive science experiment to add to the list! This is also one of those rare experiments with a single ingredient – ivory soap!

Similar to erupting soap, exploding peep geysers also need a microwave. We love a little twist with ghost peeps, and it would make this experiment perfect for trying around Halloween. If you don’t have peeps where you are, an ordinary marshmallow will work just as well.

Erupting baking soda volcano

A simple tweak can turn an ordinary erupting volcano experiment into a fun multicoloured volcano ! Let kids make their own volcano from scratch to extend the activity further.

Another spin on a classic volcano science experiment is an ice volcano . These are perfect for bringing outside on a hot summer day!

Let us know if you have any ideas for more explosive experiments, we can try!

Don’t forget I have 100s more fun, exciting and FREE science experiments for kids to try too, so if you don’t fancy any of these, do take a look around, and hopefully, one of my other experiments will be what you’re looking for.

Awesome explosive science experiments for kids. Splatter patterns, volcanoes, film canisters and exploding sandwich bags

Last Updated on June 10, 2024 by Emma Vanstone

Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

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How to Make an Explosion

Last Updated: May 13, 2024 Fact Checked

Baking Soda & Vinegar

Hydrogen peroxide, soap & yeast, diet coke & mentos, expert q&a.

Things You'll Need

This article was co-authored by Bess Ruff, MA and by wikiHow staff writer, Eric McClure . Bess Ruff is a Geography PhD student at Florida State University. She received her MA in Environmental Science and Management from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2016. She has conducted survey work for marine spatial planning projects in the Caribbean and provided research support as a graduate fellow for the Sustainable Fisheries Group. There are 12 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 249,789 times.

To call it an experiment would be incorrect (you are doing a demonstration!) but no matter what you call it, an explosion is a great way to have fun with science. Whether you're looking for a science fair project or you want to just have some fun and use your brain, we'll walk you through 4 cool ways to create a DIY explosion.

How to Create an Explosion

Put some baking soda in a cup and slowly pour distilled white vinegar into it for a classic explosion.
Fill a bottle 1/4 full with hydrogen peroxide, then add a squirt of dish soap, some food coloring, and a mixture of yeast and water for a vibrant explosion!
Cut up a bar of Ivory soap, then microwave it for 90 seconds for a slow and riveting bubbly blast.
Drop a Mentos into a bottle of Diet Coke for a foamy soda geyser.

Step 1 Fill a small container with a spoonful of baking soda.

The more baking soda you use, the more powerful the reaction will be.
This is the classic volcano experiment that many people are familiar with. If you want to make a volcano, set a paper cup down and use modeling clay to form the body of the volcano around the cup.

Step 2 Pour distilled white vinegar slowly into the container.

If you pour too quickly, the reaction will cause a serious mess.
White vinegar can be a skin irritant, so try to avoid getting wet as your explosion goes off.
Baking soda and vinegar react because vinegar is an acid and baking soda is a base. The combination creates an explosion burst of carbonation that causes the vinegar to bubble up and expand.

Set up your demonstration in an area that will be easy to clean up.

Step 2 Pour some hydrogen peroxide into the empty soda bottle.

Use a funnel and get help from an adult if you’re worried about making a mess.

Step 3 Squirt a little dish soap into the bottle.

The yeast and the hydrogen peroxide will combine to make an explosion of foam. The dish soap helps capture the oxygen to enable the explosion to take place. Be careful, this reaction is exothermic, which means it creates heat. [9] X Research source

Unscented Ivory soap is unique because it’s almost entirely pure soap (in the sense that it’s just raw fat and oil, which is actually what soap is!). Because it’s so pure, the air pockets inside of the soap will expand when you heat it.

Depending on the strength of your microwave, you may need to heat it for a little longer (or a little shorter) to get it this to work.

Step 4 Watch your soap explode as it heats up.

Depending on how long you heat the soap, it will eventually “pop.” If you want to make cleanup easy, open the microwave door before it looks like the soap is going to burst.

Step 5 Wait until the soap cools to clean it up.

Clean the microwave with dish soap and water to remove any soap residue.

Step 1 Get a large Diet Coke or A&W root beer.

This is probably the messiest way to make an explosion, so be sure to work in an area that is easy to clean up! If possible, do this outside.
You can actually do this experiment with any soda, but the aspartame levels in Diet Coke and Diet A&W Root Beer are very high. Aspartame is a key ingredient in the explosion, so your results may be lacking if you choose a soda other than Diet Coke or A&W. The lack of sugar also makes cleanup a lot less sticky! [16] X Research source
Use a brand-new soda. A flat soda will make a less impressive explosion.

Step 2 Grab an original Mentos or rock salt.

Do not use dry ice to create a pressurized explosion. This is extremely dangerous and it’s actually a felony to even attempt this in most states. [19] X Research source Do not attempt to use liquid nitrogen, either. This is equally dangerous and illegal. [20] X Research source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
Schools used to perform the volcano experiment with ammonium dichromate (also known as chromic acid or diammonium salt), but this is no longer done for a reason. Ammonium dichromate is a poisonous gas and is now known to be a carcinogen. [21] X Research source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

Things You’ll Need

Baking soda
Rubber gloves
Protective eyewear
Distilled white vinegar

Hydrogen Peroxide

30% Hydrogen peroxide
Food coloring
Dried yeast
Unscented Ivory soap

Diet Coke and Mentos

Diet Coke or Diet A&W root beer
Original Mentos or rock salt

Find the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

↑ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/make-a-volcano/
↑ https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/hydrogen-peroxide-and-yeast/
↑ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-an-exothermic-rea/
↑ https://chemistrycachet.com/uses-of-ivory-soap/
↑ https://happyhooligans.ca/ivory-soap-microwave-experiment/
↑ https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/adventures-in-chemistry/experiments/mentos-diet-coke.html
↑ https://www.thoughtco.com/does-mentos-trick-work-with-regular-coke-604155
↑ https://www.auburn.edu/academic/cosam/departments/chemistry/outreach/MSP_AU_web/documents/AJP_2008_diet_coke_mentos_Coffey.pdf
↑ https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/adventures-in-chemistry/experiments/mentos-diet-coke.html
↑ https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2010/Bills/HB2271_.HTM
↑ https://www.mtu.edu/physics/research/safety/pdfs/liquid-nitrogen-safety.pdf
↑ https://www.nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0097.pdf

About This Article

To make an explosion, one fun way is to place a 2-liter bottle of Diet Coke in an open space and drop Mentos or rock salt into the bottle. Then, stand back and watch the soda shoot into the sky. Another easy method is to fill a plastic bottle halfway with warm water, drop a few chunks of dry ice in and cap the bottle. However, you should only do this experiment if you’re an adult, since the explosion can be dangerous for anyone nearby. You should also make sure the bottle is pointing upwards to avoid hitting anyone. In addition to pointing the bottle upwards, it's important to keep everyone well away from the explosion to keep them safe. For more tips from our Science co-author, including how to make an explosion using liquid nitrogen, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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25 Spectacular Explosion Experiments for Kids

July 14, 2022 Mary Malcolm

Do you want to have fun while learning with your kids? Encourage your child’s love of learning with these awesome and fun Science experiments with explosion!

These easy science experiments are great, and often don’t require much more than common household items or simple ingredients. Nor do they require complex science kits or anything of the sort. instead they are just fun science activities and cool science experiments which any kid will gawk at! after all, is there anything better then explosions?

collage 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

These 25 Spectacular Explosion Experiments for Kids are so much fun that your kids won’t even know they are learning. Between exploding apples and erupting ice, there is enough fun here to last for weeks! Encourage that love of science with these awesome and simple experiments. Enjoy!

25 Bright And Spectacular Science Experiments with Explosions For Kids Of All Ages

1. mind blowing water bottle popper experiment.

In this simple experiment by Housing A Forest, your child will watch a bottle blow its top …just by twisting it! With this simple trick, the kids will be so amazed!

bottle top pop 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

2.Awesome Erupting Dinosaur Eggs Experiment For Science Fair

Your little paleontologists will love hatching these erupting dinosaur eggs by Parenting Chaos. Some of the items needed are baking soda, cup of water, cup of vinegar, coffee grounds, sand and green food dye or Kool-Aide. Your children would love to learn more about prehistoric dinosaurs through this spectacular experiment!

bubbling dinosaur eggs 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

3. Big Bursting Elephant Toothpaste Experiment

Abraca-xplosion! With just a handful of household ingredients like yeast, 3 tablespoon of water, bottle, hydrogen peroxide, dish soap and food colouring, you and your child can make elephant toothpaste by Hallecake. But be careful with the big mess this explosion could make inside the house!

elephant toothpaste 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

4. Cool Alternative Explosion Experiment

Volcanoes are so yesterday. Today’s kids are all about alternative explosions by Little Bins for Little Hands…like this apple. You won’t believe how far the core flies! This lowkey helps your children learn about rocket science.

erupting apple 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

5. Colored Vinegar OR Water Explosion Experiments

Instead of a simple vinegar and water explosion, why not add food coloring and make this art by Learn Play Imagine Blog! Just imagine how happy your kids will be with these colorful explosions!

erupting art 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

6. Exploding Eggs For Easter Science Experiment

This egg not only bounces, it explodes ! You won’t believe how it’s done, either. This spectacular experiment by Momma’s Fun World will be so fun to do after Easter Egg Hunting. What a blast!

erupting egg 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

7. Stunning Glow In The Dark Explosions Experiment

With just the right ingredients added to the bag, you can make this unbelievably pretty glow in the dark explosions by Growing a Jeweled Rose! Enjoy with your kids this spectacular sight to see! This makes for an excellent science lesson for the classroom, and can set students on a course to become STEM masters!

erupting glow in the dark bag 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

8. Colorful Erupting Sidewalk Chalks Experiment

Don’t just draw on sidewalks, use erupting sidewalk chalk by Learn Play Imagine and watch the watercolors come to life. This awesome experiment will leave you wanting for more!

erupting ice chalk 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

9. Wonderful Color Exploding Gelatin Bombs

The color gelatin bombs by Fun At Home With Kids are gorgeous as they fizz. How many colors will your children want to make?

exploding colors 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

10. Dropping and Exploding Colorful Paint-Filled Balloons

For a really big bang, add paint to a balloon and drop it by Science Sparks on a hard surface. The splatter is amazingly fun and your kids will love mixing the colors. This mixture of colors makes for a spectacular end result. It’s like a color tornado!

exploding paint balloons 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

11. Play Exploding Carwashes With Your Kiddos

Washing cars is fun, but exploding carwashes are awesome fun. Give your kids a fizzy day and they won’t forget to use this amazing experiment by What Do We Do All Day Blog. this fun kitchen science experiment is great for demonstrating chemical reactions and other chemistry concepts!

exploding toy carwash 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

12. Get Excited With These Magnificent Exploding Treasure Chests!

You can hide coins and jewels in these ‘ treasure chests ‘ by Fun-A-Day and your kids will be so excited to discover the hidden secrets.

exploding treasure chest 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

13. Exploding Colorful Fireworks Experiment

These exploding fireworks by Toddler Approved make gorgeous artwork that you and your children will want to hang in your house. This vinegar experiment makes for a beautiful result, it almost looks like melted skittles or glitter!

fizzing fireworks 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

14. Dazzling Fizzy Exploding Paint Art

Let the kids draw on the sidewalk with this paint, and instead of washing it away you can use vinegar to make it fizz up. They’ll love this fizzy paint art Kids Activities Blog!

fizzing sidewalk paint 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

15. Watch These Marvelous Glow In The Dark Explosions Experiments

Glow in the dark explosions by Growing a Jeweled Rose are awesome to watch, especially when they keep going, and going, and going… Close all the lights and let the fun begin! Turn a bowl into a volcano to make an explosion of colored water and bubbles!

glowing eruption 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

16. Microwave Ivory Soap and Make Explosive Fluffy Foam

Do you know when you microwave Ivory soap you get this? This explosion of fluffy foam by Kids Activities Blog is as soft as cloud and it only takes a little soap to make this huge pile of fluff. This fun physics activity is great at demonstrating how density changes

ivory soap 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

17. Enjoy Playing With These Stunning and Exploding Frozen Ice Volcanoes

Frozen ice volcanoes by Reading Confetti are fun to explode…especially on hot summer days. Those little scientists who love ice will be so excited to make this!

ice volcano 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

18. The Most Popular Exploding Mentos Candies Geyser Experiment

You’ve probably already seen the classic Mentos geyser , but have you tried it yet? Seriously, you have to try it. This explosion experiment by I Can Teach My Child a blast. Whatch the Coke go from liquids to a bubbly explosion! Just be ready with some paper towels!

mentos geyser 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

19. Unique And Easy To Make Milk Colors First Explode

Your child is going to be amazed when they see milk colors first explode by Mess For Less, then fill up the container. It’s so easy to make, kids of all ages can do this.

20. Stunning And Cool Peep Geyser Experiment

Maybe you’ve microwaved one Peep before, but did you know you can make a Peep geyser by Housing A Forest when you add a bunch of them to a container? It’s so cool to watch with your kids!

peeps gyser 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

21. Breathtaking Rainbow of Explosions

For those especially colorful kiddos, you can make a rainbow of explosions by She Knows. You could mix the colors to make it more fun!

rainbow eruption 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

22. Blow Up A Glove By Putting Pop Rocks Into Soda Experiment

When you add pop rocks to a bottle of soda it creates enough of a gas that you can blow up a glove. This experiment by Lemon Lime Adventures could trickle into the imagination of your kids. How fun is that?

soda and pop rocks 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

23. Show Your Kids These Extravagant Exploding Geysers!

Add some sparkle to your exploding geysers and the glittery fun will look almost like fireworks. It will be so much fun to pop the bubbles formed on top of this spectacular experiment by Preschool Powol Packets. Great for teaching capillary action!

sparkly explosion 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

24. Awesome and Cool Erupting Watermelon Using Kool-Aid

This erupting watermelon experiment by Learn Play Imagine is awesome because it doesn’t use any vinegar to make it explode! The sweet smell of Kool-Aid will make your kids enthusiastic!

vinegar free erupting watermelon 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

25. Make this Exploding Slime With Your Children

Normal explosions are tons of fun, but once this one explodes, it becomes slime. Seriously. This Exploding slime by E is for Explore is about taking things to the next level!

volcanic slime 25 spectacular explosion experiments for kids

More Bright And Fun Experiments From Play Ideas

Get ready for Halloween with these Halloween science experiments .
With the help of Mythbusters experiment , kids could learn why we should practice social distancing.
The Winter is Coming! Have fun with these exciting winter experiments here .
Edible science experiments are the best just because kids can EAT it!
Summer could be so hot, the best thing to ease the heat is to let the your little ones have fun playing with ice .
Preschoolers will have fun with these balloon experiments .
Who says science experiments can’t be silly? Laugh a lot with these silly and funny science experiments here .
Here are some fun shaving cream science experiments and activities you can do at home and with the kids.
Kids will love these imaginative vegetable crafts, experiments and activities . Perfect for toddlers, preschoolers and kindergartners.

Which of these experiments helped your kids learn more?

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7 Kids Exploding Experiments

Does your kid want to make something go BOOM? Fair enough, it doesn’t get much more exciting than an exploding science experiment which is why we have put together this fun list of 7 kids exploding experiments. From volcanos to soda geysers and unicorn toothpaste there are lots of exploding fun to be had here.

Miss 5 has been wanting to make an exploding volcano for a while now. The school holidays are coming up so that wish may just come true! Once she and her sister see this list they will be wanting to do them all. Which will you try first? You might even have most of the needed ingredients at home!

1.Erupting Volcano

It turns out that there are quite a few different methods that can be used to create an exploding volcano. Most use a base of baking soda and vinegar. The volcano itself can also be created from a variety of different materials. To extend the fun creating a volcano from paper mache is lots of fun or alternatively a sand volcano would be quick and easy. How Things Work details all of the different methods that can be used. They have even tested them out for you so all you have to do is to pick the method that you think sounds best!

2. Balloon Chemistry

What will happen when you combine baking soda and vinegar into a bottle sealed with a balloon? Will it explode, inflate or stay the same? Possibly not much exploding going on but this is one fun science experiment that kids will love. Head over to Little Bins For Little Hands to find out more.

3. Ivory Soap Experiment

This is one simple experiment to do! All that is needed is ivory soap, a plate, and a microwave. Will you get the same results with a different brand of soap? Chances are no as Ivory soap is one of the few brands of soap that floats in water due to the air bubbles whipped into the soap. The air bubbles in the soap contain water molecules which expand when heated up. You can read more about the science behind this experiment over at Steve Spangler Science and you can find out more information and see this experiment in action over at Housing A Forest .

4. Exploding Baggie Experiment

Watch the bag explode open by the chemical reaction on vinegar combined with baking soda. We love how easy this experiment is to set up and the addition of food color makes it even more fun! Head over to Coffee Cups And Crayons to find out all of the details you need to complete this exploding experiment.

5. Unicorn Rainbow Toothpaste

Kids will be amazed watching this stunning rainbow science experiment. This experiment uses Hydrogen peroxide, food coloring, liquid dish soap, dry active yeast and lukewarm water. When combined the liquid turns into an exploding rainbow. Make sure kids are well supervised when doing this experiment but the foam is safe to play with, just not the liquid. The other super cool thing about this exploding experiment is that it is exothermic, meaning it gives off heat! Visit Science Kiddo to find out more.

6. Mentos Geysers

Create your own Mentos Geyser using Mentos and Diet Soda. This geyser went at least 20 feet in the air! Head over to I Can Teach My Child to find out more about this awesome exploding experiment.

7. Pop Rockets

This experiment is super fun! The adorable rocket has been made out of a mini M&M container and the exploding action happens by combing antacids and water. When water and antacid mix, carbon dioxide gas is produced. The pressure inside the rocket eventually builds up enough to break off the lid and launch the rocket into the air. Now there is a good excuse to buy yourself some mini M&Ms! Visit Playdough To Plato to learn more about this experiment.

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8 Explosive Experiments You’ve Gotta Try With Your Kids

My son had his birthday over the summer. Because of COVID, this meant that he, like many others, celebrated his birthday in quarantine. He wanted to do nothing else but a bunch of science experiments for kids to do at home. Scrolling through Pinterest together, I realized every single experiment he wanted to pin had something in common: explosions.

This might sound daunting, but I assure you, it’s all super safe albeit a little lot messy. It was definitely out of my comfort zone , but once I got my hands in it, I realized it wasn’t as bad as I expected. Plus, the laughter and joy on my son’s face made it all worth it. We also learned a few things on the way! Here are 8 simple explosive experiments you need to try with your kids. For your sanity, I listed the experiments in order from least to most messy. You’re welcome.

Of all science experiments for kids to do at home, this is the least messy. It is contained in a glass, but it will have your child mesmerized! Simply fill a glass half-way with water and add food coloring of your choice. Stir it up. Then, fill the rest of the glass with vegetable oil. Have the child drop an Alka-Seltzer tablet into the glass. The Alka-Seltzer reacts with the water droplets to make carbon dioxide, causing them to rise to the top of the glass. When the reaction stops, your child can throw another tablet in and watch it all over again!

Baking Soda and Lemon Juice Tray

Spread baking soda across a tray (we used a cookie sheet). Pour drops of food coloring and soap around the tray. Don’t worry about mixing it up. Let your child squirt lemon juice drops onto the baking soda. The bottled kind of lemon juice works well for this. The citric acid of the lemon juice will react with the baking soda creating carbon dioxide. The soap will trap the gas causing more fizz!

Playdough Volcano

Let your child mold a volcano out of playdough around a small cup or container on a plate. Pour some vinegar through the top of the playdough volcano into the cup along with your child’s food coloring of choice. Pour a tablespoon of baking soda into the volcano. When your child is ready, let him or her pour the colored vinegar into the volcano with the baking soda. The vinegar reacts with the baking soda to produce carbon dioxide and since out the top is the only place for it to go, that’s where all the action happens!

Elephant Toothpaste

There are a few variations of this experiment on the web, but we chose to do the simplest one that is safe for the kids to mess around with. Place an empty water bottle on a tray. Measure half a cup of 3 percent hydrogen peroxide and pour it into the bottle along with a big squirt of dish soap. Swish gently to mix. In a separate bowl, mix a tablespoon of yeast with three tablespoons of warm water until pasty. Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, quickly remove the funnel, and stand back! The hydrogen peroxide reacts with the yeast, producing a gas that gets trapped by the soap. The result is a foamy reaction that spills out from the top of the bottle! Though it resembles toothpaste, DO NOT attempt to use it as such.

Ivory Soap Explosion

This was the simplest of all the experiments we tried! All you need to do is place a bar of Ivory soap on a microwave-safe plate and microwave for two minutes. Just make sure the plate is large to prevent any spillage. I have never heard my kids squeal with so much delight staring at the microwave! After letting the soap cool off, we let them play with the exploded soap and feel its flakey texture. Though this is technically a clean experiment (it is soap, after all), it is probable that you’ll need to clean your microwave afterward.

Exploding Bags

You’ll want to take this experiment outside . Fill a tissue with a tablespoon of baking soda and fold it so that it’s packaged like an envelope. Fill a zip-lock sandwich baggie with a half cup of water and a fourth of a cup of vinegar. Seal the bag, but leave enough room to drop the tissue in. Drop the tissue into the bag and quickly seal up the rest of the bag. Give it a little shake and step away. The baking soda and vinegar will react and produce carbon dioxide, inflating the bag and, eventually, bursting it!

Bottle Rockets

This is experiment is similar to the last one, but it uses the force of the explosion to propel a rocket up to 20 feet in the air! You’ll need a 2-liter bottle outfitted with a stabilizer. We snapped together markers and used duct tape to secure them to the top of the bottle. Make sure they are all even and leave enough room at the spout so that when it’s upside down, it is stable without the spout touching the ground. You’ll also need something to secure the spout. You will not want to use the original screw-on lid for this experiment. We used a cork that was thick enough to secure the top. Fill your bottle with a few inches of vinegar, take your baking soda-filled tissue and slide it into the bottle, but hold it at the spout. When placing the cork over the spout, secure part of the tissue around the cork so that you’ll have enough time to secure the bottle and turn it over before the reaction starts. Give it a little shake, flip the bottle cork-side down, and step away! The force of the gas will shoot the cork out and propel the bottle up into the air. We went through a whole bottle of vinegar and baking soda doing this again and again!

Diet Coke and Mentos

Have you really lived if you haven’t tried the Diet Coke and Mentos trick? This is one of the classic science experiments for kids to do at home! Just a 2-liter of Diet Coke and a sleeve of Mentos is what you need. Don’t do this one indoors unless you’re up for mopping your ceiling. Just open up the bottle and slide the Mentos out of the packaging and into the bottle of soda. You’ll want them to drop in quickly one after another. Then move away quickly and watch in amazement as the foamy soda shoots out the top!

Do you have any good science experiments for kids to do at home? Share them in the comments! And now that you’re all messy, why not try a “No Rules Night?”

ASK YOUR CHILD...

What experiments would you want to do if you were a scientist?

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Our family couldn’t get enough of the science and exploding colors. I vowed that we were going to do at least one experiment a week. We save these for the boring days when there is no excitement around. Of course, these experiments make the day go super awesome, I love it.

We are in Arizona and have quite a few boring days as we have 3 months of Monsoon season. As long as we choose an experiment that doesn’t shoot up in the air we can do these in the kitchen! I love to see the reaction on my kid’s faces when we start a new project. I love even more that they are learning the entire time. make learning fun again with these science experiments.

Exploding Science Experiments for Kids

Which will you try first? I have round up a great list here for you to start with.

Related: 60 Summer Outdoor Activities for Kids

1. Lava Science Bottle 2. Alka Seltzer Rockets 3. Bubble Bombs 4. Diet Soda Geyser 5. Exploding Dinosaur Mud 6. Erupting Sidewalk Paint 7. Exploding Fireworks Craft 8. Elephant Toothpaste 9. Fizzing Rainbows 10. Volcano Pumpkin 11. Exploding Rainbow Easter Eggs

If you have never done any exploding science experiments, you're in for a treat. Give these 20+ Science Experiments a try today. #science #experiments #explodingscience #kidsactivity #myhomebasedlife | Science Experiments | Exploding Science Experiments |STEM Activity | Educational Kids Activities |

Related: Galaxy Jar Kids Activity

12. Baking Soda Volcano 13. Wizard’s Brew 14. Homemade Bottle Rocket 15. Exploding Frozen Stars 16. Baking Soda Volcano 17. Exploding Bag Experiment 18. Balloon Baking Soda and Vinegar Experiment 19. Erupting Scientist Potion 20. Fizzing Slime 21. Fizzy Cloud Dough 22. Chalk Rockets 23. Fizzing Fossil Dinosaur Eggs

Have more ideas to add to this list? What are your favorite science experiments ? Drop them in the comments below!

Reader Interactions

Exploding Chalk Recipe: A Chalk and Vinegar Experiment

By: Author Hess UnAcademy Team

Posted on Last updated: August 31, 2023

Whether you’re looking for some exploding STEM experiments , this exploding chalk experiment is going to be an activity your kids will not soon forget.

Follow this tutorial for a super fun science activity that is appropriate for all ages.

This chalk and vinegar experiment is easy to put together and only requires a handful of ingredients, most of which you probably already have on hand.

kids playing with bags of exploding sidewalk chalk

For this exploding sidewalk chalk experiment, we will be learning about and observing the chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda, in a non-traditional and super fun way.

Be sure to add this experiment to your list of top STEAM activities for kids ! You can refer to it again and again.

This article may contain affiliate links. Please see our disclosure policy for more details.

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What Are Exploding Chalk Bombs?

Exploding chalk bombs, AKA exploding sidewalk chalk, are a mixture of cornstarch, food coloring, and vinegar. The mixture is combined in a Ziploc bag in a specific way so that they explode only when we want them to – outside on the driveway or sidewalk!

Exploding chalk, or exploding chalk bombs, are a fun way to teach kids about science and chemistry. In fact, for many kids, this science experiment serves as a first introduction to chemistry and the elements around us.

bags filled with colorful exploding sidewalk chalk

Take your kids on a learning adventure with exploding sidewalk chalk!

Scientific Method Worksheets – Free Download

preview of the free scientific method worksheets

Before you move on, we’ve got some free scientific method worksheets for you to download and enjoy. These printable worksheets are useful for any science experiment, science project, STEM challenge, or STEM projects your students might be engaging in.

Turn every science project and STEAM activity into a thought-provoking STEM challenge. Plus give left brain and right brain kiddos alike a chance to utilize their strengths and improve their weaknesses. Get yours now!

More Summertime Learning Opportunities

Do you want to enjoy even more summertime learning adventures with your kids? Check out these ideas!

Kids Summer Academy by ArgoPrep - Grades 9-10: 12 Weeks of Math, Reading, Writing, Logic, Fitness | Online Access Included | Prevent Summer Learning Loss

Summer STEM Activities
Garden STEM Projects
Fun Summer Worksheets For Kids
Summer Mad Libs Printables

How To Make Exploding Sidewalk Chalk (Recipe Below)

Before you begin, take the learning on this activity up a notch by exploring the scientific method. Have your kiddos make hypotheses or educated guesses as to what will happen when they mix ingredients together. Then perform the experiment again, only with a slight change, and see what changes.

Then you can move on with the exploding sidewalk chalk tutorial below.

bag of exploding sidewalk chalk ready to explode

Conducting Your Exploding Chalk Experiment

For this exploding sidewalk chalk experiment, students will have fun learning about chemical reactions using baking soda and vinegar. Adding in cornstarch and food coloring gives a colorful and fun element when the Ziploc bag explodes.

This activity can be used when learning about chemical reactions and gases.

White Vinegar
Baking Soda
Food Coloring
Tissue Paper (toilet paper, kleenex, etc)
Measuring Cup
Quart Ziploc bags

Instructions

Fill each Ziploc bag with 1 cup cornstarch and 1 cup vinegar. (We chose to fill all the bags with cornstarch first. And then added vinegar to all the bags)
Add a few drops of any color food coloring to each bag.
Seal the bags and mix with your hands until cornstarch is dissolved.
Set bags aside.
Begin making baking soda bombs by placing 1 Tbsp. baking soda onto a square of toilet paper and folding it so the baking soda won’t spill out. Make one bomb for each Ziploc bag.
Outside, on a flat paved surface, open one corner of the Ziploc bag and drop in the baking soda bomb.
Quickly seal the bag back up.
Shake the bag gently to release the baking soda and place it on the ground.
Watch as the bag fills with gas and then explodes.
Make sure kids stay a safe distance away so the mixture does not get in eyes upon explosion
For younger students, it is helpful to have someone hold the bag open while they pour ingredients in
We found it easier to pour the cornstarch into a mixing bowl to measure out.
1 lb of cornstarch will make approximately 3 ½ bags.

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The Science Behind the Chalk and Vinegar Experiment

When you combine the baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, with vinegar, which is a mild acid, the two form a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction creates a new chemical called carbonic acid.

As the carbonic acid begins to decompose, it creates carbon dioxide gas. This gas expands and fills the Ziploc bag which then causes the bag to explode in order for the building pressure to be released. Kids of all ages are able to see all of these reactions with this fun science activity.

Take the learning even further by discussing Non-Newtonian fluids. Preschoolers and little ones can enjoy some sensory play after the reaction is completed by playing in the goop!

Ideas for Taking the Learning Further

Want to take the learning even further? Use these ideas with your older students. There is more to this experiment than meets the eye.

Try using water instead of cornstarch and note the differences.
The mixture in the bags is similar to Ooblek (magic mud). You can also talk about liquids and solids while kids play and experiment with the remaining mixture. Use this article about using slime as a science fair project as your guide.
Can you manipulate the paint bags of erupting sidewalk chalk paint to make some chalk art? What different tie-dye or chalk art designs can you make?
Can you put your exploding chalk into a water balloon instead of a plastic baggie? Will it still explode? What’s different about water balloon chalk bombs?
Did you know that baking soda and vinegar is not just fun, it’s also useful? Older students can research different practical uses for baking soda and vinegar, specifically the chemical reaction that these items create. Create a display of some kind (PowerPoint, poster board, shadow box, etc) that compares, contrasts, and explains several practical uses.

Tips and Tricks

Follow these tips and tricks to get the best possible outcome from your experiment. These tips will make this fun activity even better.

Follow Up Questions

Use these follow up questions with your kids to enhance the learning adventure. Feel free to conduct some research or have some fun discussions as a family.

What happens if you change the amount of baking soda?
Why did some bags take longer to fill with gas?
Can the mixtures be reused by just adding more baking soda? Why or why not?

Free Printable Exploding STEM Project

Exploding Chalk Recipe: A Chalk and Vinegar Experiment 2

Want a free project sample? Sign up to have one of the projects sent to you so you can get an idea of the type of experiment guides you’ll get in our STEM Made Easy Digital Subscription!

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Science Fair Project Ideas for Kids, Middle & High School Students ⋅

Exploding Experiments for Kids

Kids will learn to love science while participating in explosive science experiments.

A List of Discrepant Event Science Activities

Science doesn’t have to be boring. In fact, science can be exciting. Get your students enthused about science by demonstrating these exploding experiments that will raise their interest and curiosity in science. Exploding jack-o'-lanterns, eggs, marshmallows and potato chip rocket cans are sure to accomplish this. Make sure to be safe when performing these experiments.

Exploding Jack-O'-Lantern

Elementary and middle school children will learn a lesson about exothermic reactions while participating in the exploding jack-o'-lantern experiment. Before conducting the experiment, have students define an exothermic reaction. Carve a pumpkin. Pour half a cup of six percent hydrogen peroxide, a tablespoon of liquid dish soap and eight drops of food coloring into a soda bottle. Place the bottle inside the pumpkin. In a separate bowl, mix together a small packet of dry yeast and three tablespoons of warm water. Pour the mixture into the bottle. Place the top back on the jack-o'-lantern and stand back. Foam will explode out of the jack-o'-lantern. The yeast will quickly remove the oxygen from the peroxide, creating lots of bubbles filled with oxygen.

Potato Chip Rocket Can

Middle school through high school children will learn how rockets launch into space while conducting the exploding rocket can experiment. Empty and cut a small hole into both ends of a tall potato chip can. Connect a methane gas tap to a piece of rubber tubing and fill the can full of gas while covering the second hole. Place the can face down on a stand and ensure that students watch from a safe distance. Light the metal end and back away. In approximately one minute the gas and air will cause the potato chip can to launch.

Exploding Egg

Children will learn a lesson on pressure with this experiment. Middle school students can participate by poking a pin hole in both ends of an egg and blowing the insides out. Place the empty egg shell on a stand and fill with hydrogen. Make sure students watch from a safe distance, light the top of the egg and move away. Hydrogen will rise to the top of the egg and air will fill the bottom. The hydrogen ignites, which cause the gasses in the egg to get very hot and expand. The pressure is too high, so the egg explodes.

Marshmallow Bomb

Give elementary students a lesson in physical science with the marshmallow bomb. A microwave excites water molecules in food. The faster the molecules spin the hotter they become. The heat causes the air bubbles in the marshmallow to expand until it blows up. Place a marshmallow on a plate in a microwave oven for one minute. Experiment with several different time settings to see how long it takes for the marshmallow to explode.

How to make a hard boiled egg go into a coke bottle, how to make a rocket car with baking soda & vinegar, junior science fair projects on releasing carbon dioxide..., science fair project: how to get an egg into a bottle, chemical reaction experiments for middle school students, air pressure experiments for middle school, volcano eruption experiments, cool science experiments with eggs, easy home experiments using gas laws, easy one day middle school science fair projects, how to make a coke can boat, chemistry labs for high school students, simple chemical reactions in fireworks, fun exploding science experiments, how to make volcanoes with spray foam, how to make a volcano out of cardboard, science project egg experiments, jet propulsion science projects.

Steve Spangler Science; Exploding Egg; Steve Spangler
Science Bob; Crazy Foam Experiment
Education; Exploding Marshmallows

About the Author

Lisa King has a Bachelor of Arts in education. She has been writing articles for over 10 years and currently writes for various websites about education and other topics. King specializes in articles that educate parents with special-needs children.

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Find Your Next Great Science Fair Project! GO

Exploding Baggie

Combining baking soda and vinegar is a classic science experiment that is a guaranteed crowd pleaser every single time. But mix the two ingredients in a sealed plastic baggie and the excitement goes through the roof!

The exploding baggie science trick is sure to knock kids’ socks off.

Check out the simple step-by-step below and then snag our 30 Science Experiments that are kid-approved and tons of fun!

Awesome science for kids! Exploding baggie experiment.

Getting Ready

This activity can be a bit messy, so we chose to do it outside. Before heading off to the park, we gathered a few simple supplies:

Zipper storage baggies (sandwich size)
A few squares of toilet paper
Baking soda

We poured 1/2 cup vinegar into the baggie and set it aside.

Then we placed 1 tablespoon baking soda onto a couple of squares of toilet paper. We folded and twisted the toilet paper up so that the baking soda was in a little pouch inside.

Exploding baggie is an explosive twist on a classic science experiment for kids. Gather a few simple supplies, head outside, and run for cover!

We had to be fast for the next part!

We made sure the baggie was sealed except for one little section.

Quickly, we dropped the baking soda pouch into the baggie, squeezed out whatever air we could, and sealed the baggie. We shook it a little bit to release the baking soda and watched the baggie expand. Then we dropped it on the ground, took a few steps back, and waited with anticipation as the baggie got bigger and bigger!

Within a few seconds the baggie exploded with a loud “POP”!

This science experiment was SO fun. My kids wanted to do it over and over again.

We attracted quite a crowd of onlookers (both children and adults) who were excited about what we were doing too. This is a science activity we will definitely be repeating!

Why Does the Baggie Explode?

When vinegar and baking soda mix you will notice that the solution fizzes and bubbles. This is because carbon dioxide gas is being produced.

As the carbon dioxide is made, it fills up the baggie and builds up the pressure until the baggie can’t hold it anymore and pops!

Depending on the strength of the baggie, you may notice that it breaks through the zipper, along the bottom seam, or even straight out the side!

More Fun for Little Scientists

Save time piecing together science lessons! Hop over and snag our 30 Science Experiments – complete with a no prep journal to record results!

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The Exploding Sandwich Bag Experiment

Next time you're getting ready to make your lunch, you can dive into a super-fun science experiment!

This one involves an explosion (only a little one!) and is a great way to learn about chemical reactions too!

What Do I Need?

White vinegar
Bicarbonate of soda or baking soda
Tissue paper
A sandwich bag

How Do I Do It?

STEP1 - Wrap a couple of teaspoons of bicarbonate of soda up inside a tissue, as shown. (This is just to make it easier to get your sandwich bag closed before your chemical reaction gets started!)

WARNING: Make sure to do this experiment outside! (or somewhere that you don't mind making a mess!)

STEP2 - Pour some white vinegar into your sandwich bag till there's around a 3cm layer in the bottom of the bag.

STEP3 - Pop your bicarbonate of soda package inside your bag and hold it above the vinegar while you seal it up!

STEP4 - Drop you bicarb down into the vinegar and stand back! Your sandwich bag is getting set to explode! You'll see your bag slowly start to swell up as the pressure builds and then finally...pop!

The Exploding Sandwich Bag - How Do I Do It?

What’s Going On?

This is all to do with the pressure being caused by the chemical reaction!

As the bicarbonate of soda and the vinegar mix together they react and carbon dioxide is given off.

The bag fills with more and more carbon dioxide and soon the pressure will be too much for the bag to take and BOOM!

You'll get a beautiful little explosion, perfect!

The Exploding Sandwich Bag - What’s Going On?

More Fun Please! - Experiment Like A Real Scientist!

How can you make the bag explode more quickly?
What happens if you add more vinegar or more bicarbonate of soda?
What combination produces the biggest explosion?!

The Exploding Sandwich Bag - Experiment Like A Real Scientist!

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Science Fun

Exploding Baggie Easy Science Experiment

In this fun and easy science experiment when are going to use a chemical reaction to explode a plastic zip close baggie. This experiment is easy to perform and ends with a satisfying pop!

Plastic zip close sandwich baggie
Toilet paper or tissue
Baking soda
Measuring cups and spoons

Instructions:

Find an area outside that can get a little messy.
Pour ½ cup of vinegar in the zip close baggie and set aside. Make sure the vinegar does not spill out of the baggie.
Lay out one square of toilet paper.
Place 1 tablespoon of baking soda in the middle of the square of toilet paper.
Fold the toilet paper around the baking soda to seal the baking soda inside.
Use a piece of tape to secure the bundle.
Drop the bundle of baking soda into the baggie containing the vinegar.
Quickly seal the baggie making sure to do so securely, give the baggie a few quick shakes, and step back several feet.
Observe what happens.

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How it Works:

The vinegar saturates the toilet tissue and an endothermic chemical reactions begins between the vinegar and baking soda. The chemical reaction releases carbon dioxide and creates pressure inside the baggie. The pressure builds inside the baggie until it explodes with a pop!

Make This A Science Project:

Try different amounts of baking soda and vinegar. Try different sized baggies. Try different temperatures of vinegar.

EXPLORE TONS OF FUN AND EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS!

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Exploding Eggs - Making Hydrogen Gas from Acid

Instructions for the Exploding Eggs Demonstration and Experiment:

How to remove the inside of an egg

Needle or Pin

Start by making a small hole at one end of the egg with a needle or pin. Then make another hole on the opposite end. Unfold a paperclip and insert one end into one of the pinholes and scramble the egg yolk and whites; this will also cause the pinhole to become larger. Next, place your mouth over the smaller of the two holes and blow as hard as you can. Once pressure builds behind the egg, it will start to ooze out of the hole at the other end. Continue blowing until all of the egg has flowed out of the shell. You now have a hollow egg shell!

How to make Hydrogen gas from Hydrochloric Acid and Zinc

3 Molar Hydrochloric Acid (3M HCl)

The following link is for 12 Molar Hydrochloric Acid (also called Muriatic Acid). This acid is very dangerous because of the high concentration. To make 100ml of 3M hydrochloric acid from 12 molar hydrochloric acid: add 25ml acid to the flask and slowly add 75ml of water. This will generate heat and acid vapors so be extremely careful and use safety gloves, apron and goggles.

You may use a lower molarity [concentration] of acid but it will not produce hydrogen gas as quickly)

Zinc Turnings

Erlenmeyer Flask (250ml)

Rubber stopper (#6, 1-hole)

Disposable Pipette (3 mL)

Safety Glasses

Safety Gloves

Cut the pointed end of the pipette off at about 2 inches and push the pointed end into the hole in the stopper so that the smallest part will be pointed out of the flask.

Pour about 100ml of 3M Hydrochloric Acid into the flask. Add several pieces of zinc turnings (this does not need to be an exact amount as gas will be generated right away. If bubbling slows, add more zinc and/or HCl)

Place the stopper into the flask. You should see gas coming out of the flask, into the pipette tip and floating up into the air. This is Hydrogen Gas and is highly combustible. Do not have open flame or spark next to this gas.

How to make an exploding egg

Egg filled with hydrogen gas

Soda bottle top for egg stand

Slide the egg down onto the pipette tip. The egg should fill with gas and you will see the gas exiting out the other hole at the top. The egg is now filled with gas. At this point it will not likely explode as there is not enough oxygen left inside the egg to combust.

Hold your finger over the top hole (so they hydrogen gas will not escape) and place the egg in the same position on the mouth of a soda bottle (see video above).

Light a lighter. Remove your finger from the top hole of the egg and light it immediately.

A small flame will be burning at the top of the egg. Eventually the entire egg will explode with a loud bang and egg shell will fly in all directions!

The science: How does the exploding egg experiment work?

First, hydrogen gas is produced in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc metal. The hydrogen gas is lighter than the air around it so it rises up into the egg during this experiment. Zinc chloride and water remain in the flask during and after the reaction.

Hydrochloric Acid + Zinc --> Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen gas

2HCl + Zn --> ZnCl2 + H2

Second, once the hydrogen gas has been lit on fire, the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air to form water. This reaction is exothermic and releases a significant amount of energy.

Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas --> Water

2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O

Why doesn't the egg blow up right away?

As seen in the reaction equations above, hydrogen gas must have oxygen gas to combust (burn/explode). Inside the egg there is very little oxygen because it all gets pushed out by the rushing hydrogen coming from the flask. The hydrogen is very light so it will escape out the top and will mix with oxygen present in the air around it - this is why there is a flame at the top of the egg. As the hydrogen floats out the top, air is pulled into the hole in the bottom of the egg which contains oxygen. When a sufficient amount of hydrogen has escaped and enough oxygen has been pulled into the bottom, the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is exact enough for the flame to move inside the egg. Due to the large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen inside the egg, it all combusts at the same time and pushes outward on the sides of the egg, causing it to explode!

Keep on Learning! ~Craig

Craig Beals shows the crew at Montana This Morning on KTVQ (CBS) how to blow up eggs with hydrogen gas.

#Explosion #Hydrogen #Oxygen #Reaction #Combustion #Fire #ScienceExperiment #HydrochloricAcid #Zinc #HowTo #ChemicalReactions #CombustionReaction #Molecules #Thermodynamics #Stoichiometry

Science Experiments
Science Demonstrations

Exploding Bag Experiment for Kids

Exploding bag experiment for kids.

Ages: Preschool , PreK , Kindergarten Difficulty: Easy Learning: Cause and Effect, Chemical Reactions, STEM

Let’s just cut to the chase. Explosions (safe, no one getting hurt, and nothing getting destroyed) are cool. Even cooler is seeing two items that, on their own, are very safe (and edible!) come together to create an explosion.

So yes, we are going to make an explosion with kids. Don’t worry, it is safer than it sounds. But it is so much fun.

Grab a baggie, we’re doing the exploding bag experiment.

Text: Exploding Bag Experiment Science Activity for Kids Picture: sealable baggie puffed up ready to explode from science experiment

What's In This Post?

Supplies for the Exploding Bag Science Experiment

The science of the exploding bag experiment, the baking soda and vinegar reaction, limiting reagents, additional experiments and activities.

Exploding Baggie Science Experiments

This is another one of those experiments that are so easy to do, but really draws kids in. And, despite being an explosion of sorts, is safe and is made from materials you already have in your home.

(And if you like this experiment, make sure you check out the Leak-Proof Bag Experiment . Same type of baggie, just add pencils!)

Head to your kitchen, you should find almost everything you need for this science challenge. Here is what to grab.

Plastic Re-sealable Baggies (like a sandwich baggie)
Baking Soda
Tissue or Toilet Paper

How To Make an Exploding Bag

This experiment is pretty simple, and it actually doesn’t make too much of a mess.

Step 1: Take 1/2 cup of vinegar and put it in your re-sealable baggie. Seal up the bag.

Step 2: Take a square of toilet paper or a tissue. If it is more than one-ply, carefully separate the layers and use only one. You will need to work with it carefully, but the thinner the better. Put 3 teaspoons of baking soda in the middle of the tissue, then wrap it up like a little bundle.

Step 3: Unseal one side of the bag. Quickly drop in your bundle and seal the bag. Then place it down. It will start to puff up and eventually pop open!

This is a great experiment to do outside. It is unlikely that your explosion will cause a big mess, but the liquid can leak out once it explodes.

If you don’t want to do this outside, you can use a large bowl or plastic container. You can also do this in your sink or bathtub as another option.

If you want to add some extra science fun, put a few drops of food coloring in with the vinegar step for a colorful exploding sandwich bag.

This, despite being called an explosion, is actually a reasonably safe activity. Avoid getting any of the materials in your eyes. And, despite being food-safe ingredients, I don’t recommend ingesting anything involved with this experiment.

It is a good idea to have your child stand back the first few times until you get a feel for how big your explosion will be. Safety glasses or other eye protection is recommended.

This is pretty simple to clean up. If your bag has burst open at the seal, you can rinse it out and use it again. If it breaks the integrity of the bag you can simply throw the whole thing away.

Any leftover supplies (baking soda or vinegar) can be rinsed down the drain.

You have got to try these fun activities too!

Text: Leak Proof Bag Science for Kids; Picture: resealable baggie of water with pencils pushed through the bag so the water doesn't leak

How Does the Bag Explode?

This is a fun activity, but what makes it a STEM activity is if we dive into the explanation of what is happening.

This experiment uses one of my favorite kitchen chemical reactions. It is tried and true and a total classic. Yep, it’s the vinegar and baking soda reaction.

Some might think this reaction is overdone, but I strongly disagree. It is amazing for the toddler, preschool, prek, and kindergarten ages too. Why? It’s simple, safe, and uses easily accessible materials. In addition to that, it works consistently and produces obvious results. These all make this worthwhile.

Text: Exploding Bag Experiment Simple STEM for Kids! Top Picture: baggie with tissue of baking soda and black measuring cup. Bottom Picture: ziplock baggie puffed up and exploding from simple chemical reaction

The short answer for why the bag explodes is that a chemical reaction takes place that creates a gas. This gas fills the bag until the bag explodes.

We can explain a bit more than that though.

We started our experiment with vinegar in our bag. Then we added the baking soda wrapped up in a tissue. The tissue is very thin, so it quickly gets soaked through with the vinegar, enabling the vinegar to come in contact with the baking soda.

When vinegar and baking soda mix there is a chemical reaction. The result of this is carbon dioxide, water, and other dissolved ions.

The carbon dioxide fills the bag until it can’t hold anymore and it pops open! A science explosion!

vinegar and baking soda chemical reaction

This experiment is a great way to introduce the concept of limiting reagents with your children.

What is a limiting reagent? Well, first we need to know that reagents are the chemicals we are mixing. In this case, our reagents are baking soda and vinegar.

These reagents react to make products (the carbon dioxide and water), but the reaction can’t continue forever. Eventually, we will run out of one of the reagents. The reagent you run out of first is the limiting reagent .

You can liken it to baking. When you are baking a cake you need a certain amount of sugar, flour, baking powder, etc. But you can’t bake an infinite amount of cakes. Once you run out of flour, you are done baking cakes. That is a limiting reagent.

What Is the Limiting Reagent?

So what is the limiting reagent in this reaction? Well, that is up to you!

Encourage your child to see what happens if they add more vinegar to the reaction. Then try with more baking soda. Does it impact the reaction time at all?

Here is a keyword to note from this experiment.

Limiting Reagent: The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is the reactant that is totally consumed in the reaction.

This is a fun science activity to try over and over. And we can change it up to explore even more. Here are some additional experiments to try.

What happens if you add more vinegar and baking soda to the bag? Does it explode faster? Bigger?
What if you add more of just one ingredient? Try it then switch to more of the other ingredient and see if the results change at all.
Try using a double layer of tissue. Again, how do the results change from this adjustment?
What happens if you leave the bag open a little? Does it still explode like when it is closed?
Try pouring the baking soda directly into the bag. Does the rate of the reaction change at all?
What happens if you add warm water or cool water to the baggie too?

These are just a few suggestions. Let your child explore and be creative!

Text: Exploding Baggie! Science Experiment for Kids Picture: sealable baggie blown up like a balloon from chemical reaction

Exploding Baggie Science Experiment s

This is a great experiment. It’s exciting, it’s fun, and you are exploding things. Yet it is pretty safe (a huge win for caregivers). There are so many factors you can change up and experiment with. This gives children the chance to really be scientists.

So when are you going to start?

Let’s find your next fun activity!!

Links to: STEM activities for kids Text: STEM Picture: raincloud in a jar experiment

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text: Leak Proof Bag Experiment Science Activity for Kids Picture: plastic resealable bag filled with water with 3 pencils jabbed through it, no water leaking

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Young girl wearing protective eye wear looks at different colour dye in glasses

Summer holiday science: turn your home into a lab with these three easy experiments

Associate Professor in Biology, University of Limerick

Disclosure statement

Audrey O'Grady receives funding from Science Foundation Ireland. She is affiliated with Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick.

University of Limerick provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK.

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Many people think science is difficult and needs special equipment, but that’s not true.

Science can be explored at home using everyday materials. Everyone, especially children, naturally ask questions about the world around them, and science offers a structured way to find answers.

Misconceptions about the difficulty of science often stem from a lack of exposure to its fun and engaging side. Science can be as simple as observing nature, mixing ingredients or exploring the properties of objects. It’s not just for experts in white coats, but for everyone.

Don’t take my word for it. Below are three experiments that can be done at home with children who are primary school age and older.

Extract DNA from bananas

DNA is all the genetic information inside cells. Every living thing has DNA, including bananas.

Did you know you can extract DNA from banana cells?

What you need: ¼ ripe banana, Ziploc bag, salt, water, washing-up liquid, rubbing alcohol (from a pharmacy), coffee filter paper, stirrer.

What you do:

Place a pinch of salt into about 20ml of water in a cup.

Add the salty water to the Ziploc bag with a quarter of a banana and mash the banana up with the salty water inside the bag, using your hands. Mashing the banana separates out the banana cells. The salty water helps clump the DNA together.

Once the banana is mashed up well, pour the banana and salty water into a coffee filter (you can lay the filter in the cup you used to make the salty water). Filtering removes the big clumps of banana cells.

Once a few ml have filtered out, add a drop of washing-up liquid and swirl gently. Washing-up liquid breaks down the fats in the cell membranes which makes the DNA separate from the other parts of the cell.

Slowly add some rubbing alcohol (about 10ml) to the filtered solution. DNA is insoluble in alcohol, therefore the DNA will clump together away from the alcohol and float, making it easy to see.

DNA will start to precipitate out looking slightly cloudy and stringy. What you’re seeing is thousands of DNA strands – the strands are too small to be seen even with a normal microscope. Scientists use powerful equipment to see individual strands.

Learn how plants ‘drink’ water

What you need: celery stalks (with their leaves), glass or clear cup, water, food dye, camera.

Fill the glass ¾ full with water and add 10 drops of food dye.
Place a celery stalk into the glass of coloured water. Take a photograph of the celery.
For two to three days, photograph the celery at the same time every day. Make sure you take a photograph at the very start of the experiment.

What happens and why?

All plants, such as celery, have vertical tubes that act like a transport system. These narrow tubes draw up water using a phenomenon known as capillarity.

Imagine you have a thin straw and you dip it into a glass of water. Have you ever noticed how the water climbs up the straw a little bit, even though you didn’t suck on it? This is because of capillarity.

In plants, capillarity helps move water from the roots to the leaves. Plants have tiny tubes inside them, like thin straws, called capillaries. The water sticks to the sides of these tubes and climbs up. In your experiment, you will see the food dye in the water make its way to the leaves.

Build a balloon-powered racecar

What you need: tape, scissors, two skewers, cardboard, four bottle caps, one straw, one balloon.

Cut the cardboard to about 10cm long and 5cm wide. This will form the base of your car.
Make holes in the centre of four bottle caps. These are your wheels.
To make the axles insert the wooden skewers through the holes in the cap. You will need to cut the skewers to fit the width of the cardboard base, but leave room for the wheels.
Secure the wheels to the skewers with tape.
Attach the axles to the underside of the car base with tape, ensuring the wheels can spin freely.
Insert a straw into the opening of a balloon and secure it with tape, ensuring there are no air leaks.
Attach the other end of the straw to the top of the car base, positioning it so the balloon can inflate and deflate towards the back of the car. Secure the straw with tape.
Inflate the balloon through the straw, pinch the straw to hold the air, place the car on a flat surface, then release the straw.

The inflated balloon stores potential energy when blown up. When the air is released, Newton’s third law of motion kicks into gear: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

As the air rushes out of the balloon (action), it pushes the car in the opposite direction (reaction). The escaping air propels the car forward, making it move across the surface.

Science experiments

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15 Science Experiments that POP, FIZZ and CRACKLE

As always, I am excited to be back for another Saturday Science . We have been busy around here getting ready for Legoman and Bone’s birthday by doing some really fun science experiments. Both boys have summer birthdays which mean its the perfect time for outside, messy size experiments . Fourth of July is just around the corner and what better way to celebrate than with science experiments that POP, FIZZ, and CRACKLE.

For many, summer holidays mean fireworks and outdoor cookouts. However, not all kids love fireworks or fireworks aren’t available where you are. That’s why I thought a collection of science experiements that POP, FIZZ and CRACKLE would make a great alternative or addition to fireworks!

Science Experiments that POP

When I think “fireworks” I think of that loud KABOOM! These science experiments and demonstrations either POP or Blast off just like a firework would on the 4th of July! I know my kids love anything that shoots off into space or makes a loud noise! These do just the trick!

1. Coin Poppers | Make a bottle cap out of a penny and watch it pop! I have never tried this before and can’t wait to see how it works and test different coins and liquids to see if it makes a difference!

2. Pop Rocket | Watch the chemical reaction as you combine two ingredients to make this simple rocket take off! You can turn this demonstration into an experiment by changing up the ingredients, the size of the container, or the amount of liquid you add for hours of fun!

3. Corncob Popcorn Experiment | Want to experience that pop, pop, popping just like the fourth of July? This is the experiment for you! Make predictions about what will happen, have your children observe the sounds, the sights, and especially the delicious smells!

4. Splatter Patterns | I love this fantastic physics project that is so incredibly visual. It’s perfect for a summer day for hours of fun. If your kids like the classic egg drop experiments they will love this one!

5. Chemistry Rocket | Use your chemistry skills to get this simple rocket to blast into space just like the best bottle rocket! Only this is much safer than a bottle rocket! Change up some variables, decorate your rocket, or gather your friends for rocket challenges! My boys can’t wait to try this one!

6. Exploding Chalk Paint | Have you heard of the exploding bag experiment? Well, this is an awesome visually appealing variation to the classic. Now it really looks like fireworks are happening right on your sidewalk!

Science Experiments that FIZZ

Fizzing Science can be some of the most fun because it is simple and easy to do, but the “magic” of the fizz never seems to bore anyone, even me! These experiments are all great chemistry examples that I am sure your kids will have so much fun with. I know mine did!

7. 5 Fizzing Science Experiments | We’ve all heard of the classic baking soda and vinegar test, right? But what happens when you change it up some? The reaction is quite incredible!

8. Ice Volcanoes | This is the perfect summer experiment. Want it to be a little more festive for the holidays, just freeze your ice into Red, White, and Blue shapes for some real festive fizz!

9. Fizzing Color Mixing | Mixing colors has never been so much fun! Set this out on a table during a family picnic and watch the kids have a blast. Even the youngest family member can join in on this science fun!

10. Fizzing Fireworks | Looks like real fireworks without all the noise! How cool! When all the exploring and fizzing is done you are left with some pretty popping artwork too!

Science Experiments that Crackle

One of my favorite sounds on the 4th of July is that crackling you hear when they set off all the little fireworks together. I love how it almost sizzles, instead of explodes. I’ve gathered together some experiments that either spark, crackle, or expand… just like tiny fireworks!

11. Pop Rocks Expansion | We love candy science around here and can’t wait to try this experiment this week. It’s simple but brings lots of excitement.

12. Lifesaver Sparks | Okay, be honest… Have you ever tried this experiment? I really like this version because it is so much better on the teeth but just as much fun!

13. Elephant Toothpaste | Alright, this one doesn’t crackle necessarily, but it was just too cool to leave out of the mix! It reminds me of those expanding snakes I used to get to do when I was a kid while the grown-ups did the big fireworks.

14. Static Electricity | Another classic demonstration that your kids will love! Just one material needs and loads of fun. Turn your very own head into a fireworks display! {figuratively speaking, of course}

15. Fireworks in a Jar | Want to avoid the noise of the fireworks all together but still want a neat science demonstration that looks festive? This easy to follow demonstration is suitable for even the youngest in the family and extremely inviting!

Bonus: The Ultimate List of Things That Pop (free printable chart)

How do you plan to celebrate this summer? With POP, FIZZ or CRACKLE? Will you try any of these fun experiments and demonstrations? I’d love to know!

FOR MORE SUMMER FUN & LEARNING

Follow Dayna :: Lemon Lime Adventures’s board Summertime! Laugh, Learn, Play on Pinterest.

ARE YOU READY FOR MORE SCIENCE FUN?

Time for saturday science blog hop, visit these great bloggers for more fun saturday science experiments too.

Cool Ice Science from P is for Preschooler

9 Easy Science Discovery Bottles from Little Bins For Little Hands

Microwave Ivory Soap Experiment from The Joys of Boys

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11 thoughts on “15 Science Experiments that POP, FIZZ and CRACKLE”

These are great! I love the fizzing fireworks for kids who don’t like the noise of real fireworks, but still love to see the colors!

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August 20, 2024

I Bought a Glowing Plant. It Led Me Down a Rabbit Hole

A bioluminescent petunia led me to a world of radiant mushrooms, 19th century experiments and a modern rivalry between scientists in Russia and the Americas

By Rachel Ehrenberg & Knowable Magazine

Close-up of a firefly glow-in-the-dark-petunia.

Firefly petunias ( detail ) engineered to glow continuously by the biotech start-up Light Bio.

Light Bio, Inc.

Petunias have never done much for me. If you had told me that one day, I’d fork over more than $50 for a single petunia plant, my eyes would have rolled out of my head. But this plant was special. This petunia glowed in the dark.

My plant was one of 50,000 shipped around the United States in April by the Idaho-based biotech start-up Light Bio . Called the “Firefly” petunia, it contains genes from bioluminescent mushrooms that make it constantly glow. A news release announcing the petunia’s arrival included a photo of a woman gazing serenely at a mass of flowers lit up like oversized glow-in-the-dark stars.

Well, that’s a neat trick, I thought.

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I also wondered whether the Firefly petunia was more than just a trick. Though it seemed inconsequential, perhaps there was some implication I hadn’t thought of. At the very least, the plant might make me — a great admirer of plants (but a bit of a botanical snob) — think differently about petunias, those go-to ornamentals for gas stations and mansions alike.

I decided to learn more. So I paid my $53 ($29 for the plant, $24 for shipping) and placed an order.

Firefly petunia plant in daylight (left) and at dark (right)

The Firefly petunia’s flower buds seem to give off the most light, as seen with the specimen shown in both daylight and in the dark.

Light Bio. Inc.

Behold, bioluminescence

Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living things. It is generated by a chemical reaction within the organism (unlike the phosphorescence of glow-in-the-dark stickers, which need to be charged up with light before emitting it). Bioluminescence is widespread, especially in the oceans : There are bacteria, sea snails, shrimp, fish and squid that glow. Terrestrial glowers include some insects and worms as well as fungi.

Scientists have worked out the precise chemical compounds involved for only a handful of bioluminescent organisms. But for the most part, the basics of the light-producing reaction are the same: It requires fuel, oxygen and a catalyst to get the reaction going. In the parlance of bioluminescence research, the fuel is called the luciferin and the catalyst is called the luciferase. The luciferase helps to add oxygen to the fuel, transforming it into a very reactive, high-energy compound. As this overexcited luciferin relaxes, it emits light.

This ability to produce light has been documented in hundreds of genera across the tree of life. Scientists think it evolved independently in various lineages , perhaps more than 94 different times.

Organisms use bioluminescence in a variety of ways. For fireflies, it’s a come-hither signal that attracts mates. Some fish use it to lure prey. Other animals, such as the vampire squid, which can expel a cloud of glowing mucus, use it to distract or confuse predators. In many lineages, giving off light may have arisen as a detoxification strategy . When oxygen is in a reactive state, it can ricochet through cells and damage molecules. This suggests that many luciferins were antioxidants first; their primary role was to mop up damaging oxygen that had been generated during metabolism.

Fireflies are perhaps the most recognized bioluminescent organisms, but the ability to emit light has been documented in hundreds of genera across the tree of life and has evolved multiple times in multiple lineages.

Kim Hadley Photography/iNaturalist ( CC BY-SA 4.0 )

Hunting for the fungal glow

Bioluminescent fungi have long grabbed people’s attention. In the fourth century BCE, Aristotle noted that fungi could be “fiery and glittering” in the dark. A few centuries later, Pliny the Elder , in his encyclopedic Natural History , mentions the “ brilliant light ” emitted by a mushroom that grows on trees. But until recently, no one knew exactly what fungi were using as the fuel or catalyst, or even whether all glowing fungi light up in the same way.

The hunt for fuel and catalyst molecules culminated in 2017 after more than a century of research and a yearslong international race between a scrappy team from the Americas and a well-connected lab in Russia. Yet even before then, scientists had been trying to unravel the mysteries of bioluminescence.

In the 1880s, French physiologist Raphaël Dubois was investigating a click beetle of the genus Pyrophorus , among the brightest of bioluminescent insects. Dubois ground up the glowing parts of the beetle in cold water. They glowed and then faded to nothing. Then he did the same in boiling water: no glow. But when he added the hot mixture to the cold, the mixture glowed. Dubois (who would go on to coin the terms luciferin and luciferase ) realized that the reaction required a catalyst and fuel. Only the cold water contained working catalyst — boiling destroyed it. But both hot and cold extracts contained the fuel, which survived boiling. Adding the hot extract to the cold extract provided fresh fuel to the extract with functioning catalyst — and so it generated light.

Decades later, scientists would conduct this hot/cold experiment with bioluminescent fungi, but the identity of the fuel and the catalyst still eluded them.

Roughly 130 fungus species are bioluminescent, says mycologist Dennis Desjardin , emeritus researcher at San Francisco State University, who has described several of those species. Fungi spend most of their lives as webs of thread-like filaments called mycelia, and the mycelia of the bioluminescent fungi give off light, though it’s often hidden within the decaying wood in which many of them grow. In species that bear mushrooms, the mushrooms may glow too.

In 2005, Desjardin began working with chemist Cassius Stevani of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, who was looking into how fungi generated their glow. Stevani, along with then-graduate student Anderson Oliveira , had refined Dubois’ hot/cold experiment, adding various cellular chemicals to grease the reaction. After perfecting the protocol, Stevani wanted to perform the hot/cold experiment using different species of fungi, one species for the cold and another species for the hot. These cross-species experiments showed that the different fungi used the same catalyst and fuel , suggesting that bioluminescence had evolved just once in the fungal lineage, Stevani and Desjardin reported in 2012.

“This was very important,” says Stevani. “It was saying, Oh, if you have a fungus in Russia or in Asia, you can use it to study the mechanism, because it’s the same in all fungi.”

Mushroom in daylight (left) and at night (right)

The bioluminescent fungus Neonothopanus gardneri from the state of Piauí in northeast Brazil, where the mushrooms grow on the base of babassu palms. Roughly 130 fungal species are bioluminescent.

Cassius Stevani/ IQ-USP, Brazil

Meanwhile, biochemist Ilia Yampolsky , who now heads a lab at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, was also hot on the fungal-light trail. Stevani got wind of this development. “I got crazy, of course, because, I was studying this for 15 years,” he says. He wrote to Yampolsky in 2015, suggesting that they collaborate. But the Russians had beaten Stevani to the luciferin punch; their discovery just hadn’t been published yet.

The fungal fuel turned out to be made from an antioxidant called hispidin. Hispidin is found not only in fungi, but also in many plants as well. “The molecule I was searching for, for 15 years — I look out of my window, I see plants that have this molecule,” Stevani says.

Since then, the two teams have collaborated. (“We colluded with the Russians,” Desjardin jokes.) They nailed down details of the biochemical assembly line that leads up to the light-emitting reaction and published the results together in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. Stevani got to name the fungal catalyst. He called it luz , the Portuguese word for light.

Out of fungi and into the petunia

A key discovery in the creation of the glowing petunia was the source of the luciferin fuel in the fungi. It’s made from a precursor compound called caffeic acid that is common in fungi and in plants. The fungal assembly line for making light forms a tidy loop — caffeic acid gets converted to hispidin, hispidin gets converted to the fuel, the fuel gives off light and the remaining compound gets converted back into caffeic acid — restarting the loop. Stevani realized that if plants also made that precursor compound, then practically any plant might be engineered to glow. He said as much to Yampolsky. “I said, ‘Man, we have a system that uses caffeic acid. We can transform any plant!’”

Yampolsky replied, “What do you think I am doing?”

Russian synthetic biologist Karen Sarkisyan led the careful work of sorting out the various genes involved in the light-emitting reaction. Then the team stuck those genes — from the bioluminescent fungus Neonothopanus nambi — into a tobacco plant. It worked: The shoots, buds, flowers and even roots — they all glowed . “Plants and fungi, they speak a similar biochemical language,” says Sarkisyan, a cofounder of Light Bio who now runs his own lab at Imperial College London. “And because they speak that similar biochemical language, it was relatively easy to translate the metabolic pathway from the fungus to the plant.”

Variety of genetically engineered glowing plants.

After some clever genetic tinkering, scientists successfully engineered several kinds of plants to glow using genes from fungi: the mouse-ear cress Arabidopsi thaliana ( top left ), a chrysanthemum ( top middle ), poplar ( top right ), petunia ( center and bottom left ), Nicotina benthamiana ( bottom middle ) and tobacco ( bottom right ).

"An improved pathway for autonomous bioluminescence imaging in eukaryotes," by Shakhova, E.S., Karataeva, T.A., Markina, N.M. et al., in Nature Methods , Published online January 22, 2024

With a bit more genetic tinkering, Sarkisyan, Yampolsky and their collaborators managed to coax other plants — chrysanthemum, poplar, Arabidopsis and petunia — into glowing. By September 2023, the US Department of Agriculture had approved Light Bio’s request to make and sell glowing petunias , determining that the plants posed no great risks. Five months later, I placed my order.

Oh, Petunia

My petunia looked like an ordinary white garden petunia when it arrived. It was a bit disheveled; I transplanted it into a new pot and gave it some water and a spot by a sunny window. After a few weeks it perked up. When I brought it into a dark closet, its flowers faintly glowed — dimmer than a candle, but glowing nonetheless.

I had intended to look into whether the petunia could wreak any ecological havoc — what if it interbred with wild species and the glowing genes escaped? Might our outdoor spaces be transformed into (very quiet) botanical raves? But the petunia’s light seemed too dim to interfere with much of anything.

Elsa Youngsteadt , who coauthored an article in the 2023 Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics on how constant light in urban environments may influence pollination, basically agreed with me.

She explained that there aren’t any wild native petunias in the United States, which is the only place where the Firefly petunia is currently available. The ubiquitous common garden petunias are all hybrids, the result of a long history of crossing the white-flowered and moth-pollinated Petunia axillaris with a pigmented, bee-pollinated species . These hybrid petunias already present a crazy mix of signals that might confuse a pollinator, says Youngsteadt, a pollination ecology expert at North Carolina State University. And none of them have proved to be invasive in the United States.

Greenhouse filled with glow in the dark petunias

A greenhouse filled with Firefly petunias.

So — the Firefly petunia? “I’m not immediately alarmed by it,” Youngsteadt says. But, she adds, “Why would we put time, money and potential risk into making something glow for fun?”

Why indeed. In fact, the more I thought about it, the more I wondered whether popping the fungal genes into the petunia was just the whimsical icing on a cake. The cake — the real marvel — was all the years of gumshoe detective work that went into figuring out precisely how the fungi got their glow. And that made me look at my petunia with a fondness that surprised me.

This article originally appeared in Knowable Magazine , an independent journalistic endeavor from Annual Reviews. Sign up for the newsletter .

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Hubble Reaches a Lonely Light in the Dark

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Locations designed as a maintenance work area and an exercise area on the International Space Station are commonly used by crew members for stowage and body maintenance activities, respectively. These differences between intended and actual use demonstrate that systematic observation of material culture can help researchers identify how astronauts adapt to life in microgravity and support better design of future spacecraft and habitats.

The first archaeological fieldwork in space, SQuARE examined the space station’s material culture – objects and built spaces and their symbolic and social meanings – and how these objects and spaces are used over time. Results suggest that more flexible definitions of use of spaces could improve crew autonomy and enable broader use of all areas by the entire crew. The researchers also found a significant number of adhesives and ties are used to keep objects from floating away, suggesting this is a critical adaptation crews must make in microgravity and that these gravity surrogates could be optimized for future space habitats.

A cluttered workstation in the International Space Station, featuring a variety of tools and equipment secured to a blue panel with Velcro strips.

Analysis of XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) observations of seven thermally emitting isolated neutron stars (XINS) in the constellation Canis Major showed erratic spin behavior in one of them (RX J0720.4−3125). This behavior hints at complex surface heat distribution, a feature usually associated with a strongly magnetized atmospheric layer. The finding could lead to an improved understanding of the neutron star population in our galaxy and of neutron star evolution.

NICER makes high-precision measurements of X-ray astrophysics phenomena such as neutron stars, the ultra-dense matter created when massive stars explode as supernovas. XINSs likely represent a significant fraction of all neutron stars, but their origin and evolutionary history are uncertain. Researchers plan to use detailed modeling of the extensive NICER dataset to fully map temperature distribution on the surface of these stars, which could reveal the underlying physical processes responsible for their peculiar properties.

A view of the International Space Station's exterior, featuring a large solar panel array illuminated against the darkness of space.

Researchers demonstrated the feasibility of using an engineered human tissue model to screen drugs for treating impaired muscle regeneration in astronauts and patients on Earth.

Muscle mass diminishes with age on Earth and astronauts experience similar but accelerated loss of muscle mass during spaceflight. Cardinal Muscle evaluated engineered human muscle cells cultured in microgravity as a model for studying muscle loss and treatment.

Researchers found that the model mimicked impaired muscle regeneration after just seven days in microgravity and that two drugs, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor (15-PGDH-i), partially inhibited microgravity’s effects on the engineered tissue.

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August 19, 2024

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Scientists investigate triggers of explosive volcanic eruptions in lab simulation study

by Katie Sewell, University of Manchester

Scientists at The University of Manchester have effectively simulated how bubbles grow in volcanic magma thanks to a novel pressure vessel that can mimic the eruption process in a laboratory setting.

With most volcanic activity taking place underground unobserved, for the first time scientists have been able to capture vesiculation kinetics in basaltic magmas in real time. Published August 16 in Science Advances , the study sheds new light on one of nature's most astonishing phenomena.

Volcanic eruptions differ drastically, ranging from gentle effusive lava flows to highly explosive events—or sometimes switching between the two at a moment's notice.

At the worst end of the scale, volcanic eruptions eject massive volumes of magma and volcanic gases into the air. This causes catastrophic local damage and often prompts wide-reaching global effects too, like air traffic space closure and changes in weather patterns.

Scientists highlighted that eruptive style is influenced by how gas dissolved in magma is released. Contrasts can be drawn between how a waiter opens a bottle of champagne in a restaurant, and how champagne pops when shaken by Grand Prix winners. Despite both bottles having the same amount of gas, the champagne leaves the bottles at vastly different speeds.

Volcanic eruption styles depend on how easily magma decouples from gas during ascent, with stronger gas-melt coupling leading to more explosive reactions. This study allowed scientists to observe and quantify real-time bubble growth and coalescence in magma as it reaches the surface.

The pressure vessel used in the laboratory experiments was thick enough to contain vast amounts of stored energy, and X-rays (the I12-JEEP synchrotron beamline from Diamond Light Source) were used to see through the magma sample and make the observations.

Dr. Barbara Bonechi, Research Associate in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at The University of Manchester and lead author of the study, commented, "The experimental results obtained in this study through the combination of our novel vessel apparatus and X-ray synchrotron radiography, offer an improved understanding of coupling and decoupling between magma and volatiles during ascent in the conduit.

"This study provides insights into processes leading to eruptive style transitions and, ultimately, has fundamental implications for hazard assessment and risk mitigation in the area of active basaltic volcanism."

Pressure in the chambers could be increased or decreased in a controlled way, allowing scientists to see how expanding bubble walls are broken during coalescence at different pressures and temperatures, from 10 km in the magmatic plumbing system right up to the conduit beneath a volcano.

The growth rates sourced from this new technique confirm previous estimations that used numerical and theoretical modeling. This study contributes to a better understanding of magma behavior and will greatly improve knowledge of volcanic processes, in addition to helping with future hazard assessment and risk mitigation in areas of active volcanic activity.

Journal information: Science Advances

Provided by University of Manchester

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Explosive Science Experiments for Kids

Exploding science experiments

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Water bottle popper

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