figure of merit of galvanometer experiment class 12

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CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit PDF Download

CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit Download here in pdf format. These Lab Manual may be freely downloadable and used as a reference book. Learning does not mean only gaining knowledge about facts and principles rather it is a path which is informed by scientific truths, verified experimentally. Keeping these facts in mind, CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit have been planned, evaluated under subject Improvement Activities. Check our CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit. We are grateful to the teachers for their constant support provided in the preparation of this CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual.

CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit

The laboratory is important for making the study complete, especially for a subject like Science and Maths. CBSE has included the practicals in secondary class intending to make students familiarised with the basic tools and techniques used in the labs. With the help of this, they can successfully perform the experiments listed in the CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual.

CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit Features:

• Basic Concept of Experiments
• Before performing the experiments the basic concept section of every experiment helps the students in know the aim of the experiment and to achieve the result with the minimum mistake
• Lab Experiments with Interactive session and NCERT Lab Manual Questions 
• Completely solved CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual Questions are provided.
• Practical Based Questions
• PBQs based on every experiment with their answers, covering Previous Years’ Questions, are provided experiments for complete coverage of concepts Web support

By performing the experiments, students will know the concept in a better way as they can now view the changes happening in front of their eyes. Their basics will become solid as they will learn by doing things. By doing this activity they will also get generated their interest in the subject. Students will develop questioning skills and start studying from a scientific perspective. Here we have given all the necessary details that a Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit student should know about CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual. From CBSE Science practical to Lab manual, project work, important questions and CBSE lab kit manual, all the information is given in the elaborated form further in this page for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit students.

Benefit of the CBSE Class 12 Lab Manual for Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit:

• Basic concepts of every experiment have been covered for better understanding. The matter is presented in the simple and lucid language under main-headings and sub-headings.
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• Two Practice question Papers have also been included based on the latest guidelines issued by the CBSE.

The CBSE is a prestigious educational board in India that conducts the final examinations for the Chapter 5 2 To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit. The syllabus for the practical exam is designed by CBSE according to the CCE guidelines.

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Determining resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method and to find its figure of merit .

Aim : To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method and to find its figure of merit .

Apparatus : A Weston type of galvanometer , a voltmeter , a battery /battery eliminator , two 10,000 ohm and 200 ohm ) resistance boxes , two one way key , a rheostat , a screw gauge , a meter scale , an ammeter of given range , connecting wires and a piece of sand paper .

The resistance of the given galvanometer as found by half deflection method .

G= (RxS)/(R-S) (1)

Where R is the resistance connected in series with the galvanometer and S is the shunt resistance .

The figure of merit , K =E /[(R+G)Q] (2)

Where E is the end of the cell and Q is the deflection produced with resistance R.

The maximum current that can pass through the galvanometer , I g =nk

Where n is the total number of dimension on the galvanometer scale on either side of zero .

1. Resistance of galvanometer by half deflection method

• Make the connections accordingly as shown in circuit diagram .
• See that all plugs of the resistance boxes are tight
• Take out the high resistance (200 Ohm ) from the resistance box R and insert key K1 only .
• Adjust the value of R1 so that deflection is maximum , even in number and within the scale .
• Note the deflection . Let it be Q.
• Insert the key k2 also and without changing the value of R2 ,adjust the value of S , such that deflection in the galvanometer reduces to exactly half the value of resistance S.
• Note the value of resistance S .
• Repeat step 4 & 7 three times taking different R and adjusting .

2. Figure of merit

• Take one cell of the battery and find its emf by a voltmeter by connecting +ve of the voltmeter with +ve of cell and – ve of the voltmeter with -ve of cell . Let it be E.
• Take connection as in circuit diagram .
• Adjust the value of R to obtain a certain deflection Q when circuit is closed .
• Note the value of resistance R and deflection Q.
• Now change the value of R and note the galvanometer deflection again .
• Repeat the step with both cells of the battery with different voltages like 2,4,6 ,8 volts from battery eliminator.
• Find the figure of merit K using the formula

Observation table

Calculations

• G = (5.005+3+10.05+13.11)/4 [E = 1.45V]
• Figure of Merit : Current in the galvanometer per unit time
• K = IQ = [(E)/(R+G)]x[1/Q] –  SI unit = AD division = 10 -5 Al div

Resistance of given galvanometer is 7.79 ohm .

Figure of merit of given galvanometer is 0.545 A/dn .

Precautions

All connections should be neat and tight .

The emf of cell / battery should be constant .

Source of error

The scene of the instrument may be loose .

The galvanometer division may not be of equal size.

Resistance of Galvanometer

Figure of Merit

Viva question

What is the galvanometer ?

It is a device used for detecting feeble electric currents in circuit .

Define the figure of merit of a galvanometer ?

The quantity of current required to produce a deflection of one division in the galvanometer is called figure of merit of a galvanometer . It is represented by K . Its unit is ampere per division .

Why is this method called half deflection method ?

It is so because the deflection is made half by using a shunt resistance S.

Under what condition id the resistance of a galvanometer (E 1 ) equal to shunt resistance (S)?

E1=S , only when series resistance R is very high .

You can also get Class XII Practicals on  Biology ,  Physics , and  Physical Education .

34 Replies to “Determining resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method and to find its figure of merit .”

Need to see graph

Soapstone first-aid

Need to update I think it’s older version some coloum are missing in observations table

Thnku so much..ur an angel..really love u

thank you soooo much ,

Thsnks for suggestion

You have not told emf of the cell

yess EXACTLY

Thank you… It is quite helpful.

Wo Awesome work Not a single add

Experiment=5

I need a discussions …please give me a discussions for this Experiment

Plz check the observation table and update because some column are missing 🙁

Very much thankful to have this…

Awesome work Really thankful to have it

Fantastic work Nice to have it

are these much viva questions enough

Plz draw graph of this experiment

Their is mistake in 1 table 4 no G=13.11 this value is wrong check it.

S it should be 3.11 i guess

You have not told the emf of the cell and even some columns are missing in the table

Thankyou so much dear really helpful.

Where is graph I want to see now

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To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method & to find its figure of merit

To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method & to find its figure of merit.

A Weston type galvanometer, a voltmeter, a battery, a rheostat, two resistance boxes (10,000Ωand 500Ω), two one-way keys, a screw gauge, a meter scale, connecting wires and a piece of sandpaper.

Formulae Used:

• The resistant of the given galvanometer as found by half-deflection method:

Where R: resistance connected in series with the galvanometer

S: shunt resistance

• Figure of merit: k = E/(R+G)θ

Where E : emf of the cell θ:deflection produced with resistance R.

For Half Deflection:

Calculation: Mean G= 70.8Ω

• For G : Calculate G using formula.

Take mean of all values of G recorded in table.

• For k: Calculate k using formula & record in table.

Take mean of values of k.

For Figure of Merit

Mean k= 2.19 x 10 -5 A/div.

• Resistance of Galvanometer by half – deflection method: G= 70.8Ω
• Figure of merit, k= 2.19 x 10 -5 A/div.

Precautions:

• All the plugs in resistance boxes should be tight.
• The emf of cell or battery should be constant.
• Initially a high resistance from the resistance box (R) should be introduced in the circuit. Otherwise for small resistance, an excessive current will flow through the galvanometer or ammeter & damage them.

Sources of Error:

• Plug of the resistant boxes may not be clean.
• The screws of the instruments maybe loose.
• The emf of the battery may not be constant.

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Write the definition of figure of merit of Galvanometer.

It is defined as the current which produces a deflection of one scale division in the galvanometer and is given by g = i θ = k n . b a k = torsion constant θ = deflection angle n = total no. of turns in coil b = magnetic field a = area of coil..

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

To Determine Resistance of a Galvanometer By Half-deflection Method And to Find its Figure of Merit

November 28, 2016 by Sastry CBSE

Aim To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

Apparatus A weston type galvanometer, a voltmeter, a battery or battery eliminator, two (10,000 Ω and 200 Ω) resistance boxes, two one-way keys, a rheostat, a screw gauge, a metre scale, an ammeter of given range, connecting wires and a piece of sand paper.

Procedure (a) Resistance of galvanometer by half deflection method

• Make the connections accordingly as shown in circuit diagram.
• See that all plugs of the resistance boxes are tight.
• Take out the high resistance (say 2000 Ω) from the resistance box R and insert the key K 1 only.
• Adjust the value of R so that deflection is maximum, even in number and within the scale.
• Note the deflection. Let it be θ.
• Insert the key also and without changing the value of R, adjust the value of S, such that deflection in the galvanometer reduces to exactly half the value obtained in step 5 i.e., θ/2.
• Note the value of resistance S.
• Repeat steps 4 to 7 three times taking out different values of R and adjusting S every time. (b) Figure of merit
• Take one cell of the battery (battery eliminator) and find its E.M.F. by a voltmeter by connecting +ve of the voltmeter with +ve of the cell and -ve of voltmeter with -ve of the cell. Let it be E.
• Make connections as in circuit diagram.
• Adjust the value of R to obtain a certain deflection 0 (say 30 divisions) when the circuit is closed.
• Note the values of resistance R and deflection θ.
• Now change the value of R and note the galvanometer deflection again.
• Repeat the steps 9 to 13 with both cells of the battery with different voltages like 2, 4, 6, 8, volts from battery eliminator.
• Find the figure of merit k using the formula.

Observations and Calculations

• Resistance of given galvanometer = …….. Ω
• Figure of merit of given galvanometer = A/dn.

Precautions

• All the connections should be neat, clean and tight.
• All the plugs in resistance boxes should be tight.
• The e.m.f. of cell or battery should be constant.
• Initially a high resistance from the resistance box (R) should be introduced in the circuit (otherwise for small resistance an excessive current will flow through the galvanometer or ammeter can be damaged).

Sources of error

• The screws of the instruments may be loose.
• The plugs of resistance boxes may not be clean.
• The e.m.f. of battery may not be constant.
• The galvanometer divisions may not be of equal size.

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CLASS 12TH PHYSICS EXPERIMENT To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method and to find its figure of merit..

• Make connection according to the circuit diagram given above.
• Connect a battery B , galvanometer G , resistance box R and a key K , in series.
• Connect another resistance box S and a key K 2 parallel with the galvanometer.
• Take out 5000 Ω plug from resistance box R , close key K 1 . Change the value of R so that deflection in the galvanometer is a little less than full scale deflection but even number of division. Note the deflection and also the resistance R.
• Take out 50 Ω plug from resistance box S , close the key K 2  , adjust the value of S so that the deflection is half of that obtained in step 4 . Note the value of deflection.
• Repeat set 4 and 5 for more set of reading.
• Note least count of voltmeter and see that its zero error is nil. Take out battery from the circuit and measure its emf by using voltmeter let it be E.
• Now join the battery again in the circuit and plug in key K 1  and introduce resistance R (key K 2  is not closed. Note the deflection 𝜭 in the galvanometer.
• Find figure of merits (k) by using 

• All connections must be neat and tight
• Key K 1  should be closed after taking out a high resistance from the resistance box R.
• The deflection of galvanometer should be large.
• The emf of battery may vary.
• The galvanometer scale may not be equally spaced.
• Loose plugs cause an error. 

Thanku very very much

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CBSE CLASS X SCIENCE CHAPTER ELECTRICITY LESSON PLAN 1

ELECTRICITY

• Physics Article
• To Convert The Given Galvanometer Of Known Resistance And Figure Of Merit Into A Voltmeter Of Desired Range And To Verify The Same Experiment

To Convert The Given Galvanometer (Of Known Resistance And Figure Of Merit) Into A Voltmeter Of Desired Range And To Verify The Same

To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

Apparatus Required:

A galvanometer, a voltmeter 0-3V, battery, 2 resistance box (10,000 ohms and 200 ohms), 2 one way keys, a rheostat, connecting wires and sandpaper.

A galvanometer is an ideal device that is capable of detecting even the weakest electric currents in an electric circuit. It features a coil suspended or pivoted between concave pole faces of a strong laminated horseshoe magnet. The galvanometer shows the deflection when an electric current is passed through the coil. The deflection is directly proportional to the current passed. A voltmeter is an instrument used for estimating the electrical potential difference between 2 points in an electric circuit.

Series resistance required for conversion

V-range of conversion

• Connect the resistance box in series combination with the galvanometer and take the plugs of resistance R.
• A and B are the fixed terminals and C is the variable terminal of the rheostat.
• Now the galvanometer functions as a voltmeter of range V Volts.
• Take out the plugs of calculated resistance R from the resistance box.
• By using a key, adjust the movable contact of the rheostat such that the deflection of the galvanometer becomes maximum.
• Note both the readings of the galvanometer and voltmeter.
• Convert the readings of the galvanometer into volts.
• Find the difference in the reading. This difference between voltmeter reading and galvanometer reading gives the error.
• By moving the variable contact of rheostat, take 5 readings covering the range of voltmeters from 0-3 Volts.

Record your observation

The Least count of galvanometer converted into voltmeter = V/n =

Calculation

The resistance of the given galvanometer G =

The figure of merit k =

Number of divisions in galvanometer scale n =

Current for full scale deflection = I g = nk =

Range of conversion =

Resistance to be placed in series with galvanometer R=V/I g -G =

Precautions

• Calculate the resistance accurately
• Use the same range conversion voltmeter should be used for verification
• Use correct length shunt wire.

The value of the actual and measured value of the potential difference is very small and conversion is perfect.

Ans: Works on the principle of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Ans: It is a device used to measure the potential difference between two points of the electrical circuit.

Ans: A galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by connecting it with high resistance.

Ans: infinite

How can a galvanometer be converted into an ammeter?

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