heredity unit review assignment answer key

Genetics and Heredity I

Genetics is the study of genes , heredity , and genetic variation in living organisms . It is a fundamental area of biology that explores how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Understanding genetics and heredity is essential for comprehending the basis of inheritance and the diversity of life on Earth .

Key Concepts

• Genes : Units of heredity that are passed from parents to offspring and determine traits.
• Chromosomes : Thread-like structures located in the nucleus of a cell that contain the genes .
• DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid, which carries genetic information and is the hereditary material in all living organisms .
• Alleles : Different forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a chromosome.
• Genotype : The genetic makeup of an organism.
• Phenotype : The observable traits or characteristics of an organism.
• Mendel's Laws: The principles of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants .

Study Guide

To effectively study genetics and heredity , it is important to grasp the following concepts:

• Understand the structure and function of DNA , including the processes of replication and protein synthesis.
• Comprehend the principles of Mendelian genetics , such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
• Learn about genetic disorders and their inheritance patterns, including dominant, recessive, and sex-linked traits.
• Explore genetic variation in populations , including the concepts of gene pools, allele frequencies, and evolution .
• Be familiar with modern genetic techniques , such as DNA sequencing, genetic engineering , and biotechnology .

Here are some resources to aid in your understanding of genetics and heredity :

• Textbooks on genetics and molecular biology
• Online tutorials and videos on Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns
• Scientific journals and articles on recent advancements in genetics research
• Interactive genetics simulations and virtual labs

By mastering the principles of genetics and heredity , you will gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying biological diversity and the inheritance of traits in living organisms .

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Inherited Traits

Punnett squares, 6th -  8th  , heredity and genetics, variation of traits, 106.4k plays, 3rd -  5th  , genes and mutations, 25.3k plays, mendelian genetics, incomplete and codominance, 10th -  12th  , punnett squares and heredity, 7th -  10th  .

Heredity Unit Test Review

10th - 11th grade.

42 questions

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Two heterozygous purple-flowering pea plants are crossed. If purple is dominant over white, what are the expected phenotypic results?

25% purple, 75% white.

75% purple, 25% white

100% purple

50% purple, 50% white

What law BEST explains why an organism with ‘Ttʼ will show only the dominant phenotype?

Law of Dominance

Law of independent assortment

Law of segregation

Chromosome theory of inheritance

If an organism inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye color, their genotype would be:

heterozygous

Two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele. What is the chance that any of their children will inherit the disorder?

Which Mendelian law of inheritance states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Law of Segregation

Law of dominance

In pigs, the allele for a wavy, rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for a soft, fine coat (r). A rough coat boar and a soft coat sow mate. They produce several litters, 50% are rough coat and 50% are smooth coat. What must be the genotypes of the

parents to create this phenotypic ratio?

Imagine two heterozygous parents. Each has a dominant allele (B) for brown eyes and a recessive allele (b) for blue eyes. What would the genotypic ratio of the offspring be?

50% BB, 50% Bb

25% BB, 50% Bb, 25% bb

50% Bb, 50% bb

Identify the following genotypes as homozygous or heterozygous.

TT: homozygous

Tt: homozygous

tt: heterozygous

Tt: heterozygous

tt: homozygous

TT: heterozygous

If square is dominant over round, what are the phenotypes for the following genotypes?

The American Curl is a breed of cat that has curly ears. The allele for the curly ears is dominant (E). Suppose a cat with the heterozygous genotype is bred to a female cat with the homozygous recessive genotype.

Which punnett square below shows the correct genotype cross with the correct possible offspring?

What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

100% not curly

50% curly, 50% not curly

75% curly, 25% not curly

If the cross produces six kittens, how many of them will have curly ears?

In humans, a widowʼs peak is dominant to a straight hairline, and freckles are dominant to no freckles. Two parents that are heterozygous for both traits have children. Use H for hair, and F for freckles.

Which are the correct genotypes for the parents?

HhFf x hhff

HhFf x HhFf

HhFf x HHFF

HHff x HHff

In humans, a widowʼs peak is dominant to a straight hairline, and freckles are dominant to no freckles. Two parents that are heterozygous for both traits have children. Use H for hair and F for freckles.

What is the phenotype ratio of the possible offspring?

For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have ________________.

one recessive allele

two dominant alleles

a Y chromosome

two recessive alleles

Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is affected by the interaction of many genes, making it a(n)...

sex-linked trait

polygenic trait

codominant trait

autosomal trait

Red hair and freckles are commonly inherited together. Which of following patterns of inheritance explains this?

multiple alleles

linked genes

Codominance

Which pair of genes in the diagram would be most likely to be inherited together?

In a newly discovered species of flower, it was discovered that the color of the flowers is determined by two different genes. Which of the following inheritance patterns is this?

Incomplete dominance

Linked genes

polygenic inheritance

A man with Type A blood marries a woman with Type AB blood. Based on what you know about blood types, what is the only blood type NOT possible in any of their children?

A cross between a purebred animal with red hairs and a purebred animal with white hairs produces all animals with BOTH red and white hairs is what type of inheritance pattern?

incomplete dominance

In a cross between individuals of a species of tropical fish, all of the male offspring have long tail fins, and none of the females possess the trait is an example of what type of inheritance pattern?

A cross between a white horse and a chestnut (dark brown) horse produces all light brown horses is an example of what type of inheritance pattern?

A cross between a tall sunflower and a short sunflower results in sunflowers with a range in heights is an example of what type of inheritance pattern?

A man who is normal for color vision marries a woman who is colorblind (Remember, color-blindness is a sex-linked trait!) What is the probability of a having a colorblind male ?

Mutations can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT ___________________.

global warming

In order for a mutation to be passed on from parent to offspring, the mutation must occur in_____.

gametes (sex cells)

somatic cells

brain cells

any cell of the body

On a pedigree, how would a female individual with a disease be notated?

as a shaded square

as an unshaded circle

as an unshaded square

as a shaded circle

If a mutation only changes the nucleotide sequence for a single protein, then it is known as a _______

translocation

gene mutation

chromosomal mutation

nondisjunction mutation

What kind of mutation occurred in the sex chromosome of an individual with the genotype XXY?

nucleotide insertion

nondisjunction

nucleotide deletion

How would you categorize a genetic disorder that is equally likely in males and females and is caused by the presence of two affected alleles?

sex chromosome disorder

sex-linked disorder

Autosomal dominant disorder

Autosomal recessive disorder

Nondisjunction of autosomal chromosomes, such as chromosome number 21 , can result in disorders like...

Klinefelter's Syndrome

Turner's Syndrome

Sickle Cell Anemia

Down Syndrome

When getting an X-ray taken at the doctorʼs office, you notice the technician cover you with a heavy vest. This vest, you are told, contains lead, a metal that can block X-rays, which are a form of radiation. The technician covers your torso, and folds the vest over double across your reproductive organs (testes/ovaries). This is done because radiation can damage the DNA of

theses organs, causing a mutation you may pass to children. Substances like radiation and other certain chemicals are known as mutagens because...

they cause cancer

they damage proteins, which then changes the sequence of DNA

they generate muteness

they cause mutations in the sequence of DNA

Which BEST explains the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosome mutation?

gene mutation is one gene messed up but a chromosome mutation is multiple genes messed up

gene mutation and chromosome mutation are both one gene messed up

gene mutation is multiple genes messed up but chromosome mutation is one gene messed up

gene mutation and chromosome mutation are both multiple genes messed up

Which of the following is an example of a GENE MUTATION?

Edward's Syndrome

Cystic Fibrosis

Which of the following is an example of a CHROMOSOME MUTATION?

Sickle cell anemia

cystic fibrosis

A DNA segment in a somatic cell undergoes the mutation pictured, what is the name of this type of mutation?

deletion mutation

point mutation

insertion mutation

A DNA segment in a somatic cell undergoes the mutation pictured, is this a gene mutation, chromosome mutation, or neither?

chromosome mutation

Consider the pedigree pictured, What type of inheritance is displayed?

autosomal recessive

autosomal dominant

Consider the pedigree pictured, What is the genotype of the first individual in generation II?

Consider the pedigree pictured, What is the genotype of the grandmother (the oldest female) in this family?

The form of a gene that is always expressed if present is the _____________ form.

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Genetics Crossword Puzzle Printable Biology Review Activity with Answers

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Your students can show their understanding of genetics and heredity . They can even review genetics and heredity before your final biology test. But, what if they could complete a puzzle while doing so? This genetics and heredity crossword puzzle activity is a perfect test review , practice assignment , or assessment with three levels of differentiation to meet students' needs at their individual level or ability. As the teacher, you simply print and go with the no-prep, ready to use resource . Or, assign the resource digitally in TpT Easel. Your students use clues and genetics vocabulary to solve the crossword puzzle.

So, download the genetics and heredity crossword puzzle biology review activity, now. The printable is just what you need to add to your Biology lesson plan to engage your high school students in a meaningful and rigorous learning activity while impressing your administrators. What are you waiting for? Print and go! Or assign the digital crossword puzzle assessment and watch your biology students have fun while learning reviewing what they have learned from your genetics unit.

You Will Get:

• A no-prep, printable pdf resource download.
• A table of contents for organizing and printing.
• 3 differentiated versions of the puzzle (simplified versions include additional letters on the crossword puzzle as clues).
• A how to guide with ideas on engaging your students into the activity, use of the resource, further differentiation, and more.
• TpT Easel activity.

You Will Like:

Genetics Review Digital Mystery Picture Self-Checking Review Activity

Genetics Review Maze Worksheet

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Heredity introduces students to the process through which people inherit characteristics from their parents. Students will discover how their genetics can influence future generations. They will also learn how to use a Punnett square to determine the probability of exhibiting a particular trait.

The “Options for Lesson” section lists several suggestions that you could incorporate into the lesson plan if you want to extend it or have extra time. One idea is to invite one of each student’s parents to the class to compare their traits with those of their children.

Description

Additional information, what our heredity lesson plan includes.

Lesson Objectives and Overview: Heredity teaches students about the concept of passing traits from one generation to the next. Students will learn how to use Punnett squares to predict the likelihood of inheriting certain traits from their parents. They will also discover how the same concept applies to other animals and plants. This lesson is for students in 5th grade and 6th grade.

Classroom Procedure

Every lesson plan provides you with a classroom procedure page that outlines a step-by-step guide to follow. You do not have to follow the guide exactly. The guide helps you organize the lesson and details when to hand out worksheets. It also lists information in the yellow box that you might find useful. You will find the lesson objectives, state standards, and number of class sessions the lesson should take to complete in this area. In addition, it describes the supplies you will need as well as what and how you need to prepare beforehand.

Options for Lesson

In the “Options for Lesson” section of the classroom procedure page, you will find several suggestions for additional ideas or activities to add to the lesson. For the activity, students could work in pairs, and you could add additional scenarios for them to complete. Another option is to invite a parent of each student to come in one day to identify traits that they passed on to their child. You could also ask students to complete a list of traits they received from their parents to help create Punnett squares for their parents. If you have any twins/triplets/etc. in the class, you could have the students compare and contrast their characteristics. For older students, one more idea is to discuss the concept of nature versus nurture, whether people can inherit emotions, and so on.

Teacher Notes

The teacher notes page provides an extra paragraph of information to help guide the lesson and remind you what to focus on. It suggests using additional resources to complement the lesson, such as a video about heredity. For more advanced students, you may also benefit from a further discussion about nature versus nurture. The blank lines on this page are available for you to write out thoughts and ideas you have as you prepare the lesson.

HEREDITY LESSON PLAN CONTENT PAGES

Genes and dna.

The Heredity lesson plan contains three pages of content. The lesson first explains the concept of heredity as the process of passing on specific traits from one generation to the next, from parent to offspring. Students can consider whether their eyes are the same color as one of their parents if their parents have different colored eyes. Every living thing gets certain traits and characteristics from their parents.

Students will learn that the study of heredity is called genetics. The genes we have determine the traits or characteristics we exhibit, such as hair color, eye color, artistic or athletic ability, height, and more. Every living organism receives its characteristics from its parents. In plants, these traits can include seed color, flower position, length of stem, and much more.

The first person to discover the concept of heredity was Gregor Mendel. He is considered the father of the science of genetics. He studied pea plants and discovered that certain traits passed on from the parent to the offspring. In other words, the offspring inherited those traits from either the female or male plant.

Our traits pass on by genes in our DNA. A gene gives instructions about how to make a certain protein to determine a trait. These genes are located inside a DNA molecule, which is a material in chromosomes. Chromosomes exist in the nucleus of every cell of the body of every living organism. DNA is essentially the recipe for who we are, and the genes are the ingredients. However, we don’t always use all the “ingredients” in the recipe. A person can have brown hair but have a gene for blond hair.

Dominant and Recessive

The concept can be confusing, but students should remember that they have two parents. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell for a total of 46. Each child or offspring receives half of their chromosomes from the mother and half from their father. Therefore, every child inherits half their DNA from each parent. As a result, they can have a different hair color gene from their mother than they do from their father.

However, their hair can only be one color. The hair color the child manifests is determined by the alleles. An allele is the specific pattern inside a gene that determines which trait someone will have. Because we receive two genes for each trait, some of them are more dominant that others. Dominant genes win out over the other. The gene that “loses” is called a recessive gene.

In the case of eye color, for instance, a brown-eye gene is dominant over all other colors, such as blue. This means that if a person inherits genes for brown and blue eyes, they will manifest brown eyes. If, however, they inherit two blue-eye genes, only then will they have blue eyes. The same concept applies to hair color and all other traits. Occasionally, genes can have co-dominance, meaning that neither gene is dominant over the other. An example of this is blood type. If one parent has type A and the other has type B, the child will have a type AB blood.

Even if a trait doesn’t show up in an individual, it can still pass to the next generation. A person might have brown eyes but carries a recessive gene for blue eyes. That person could marry someone with the same gene combination. They could have a child with blue eyes if the genes the child receives from their parents are both for blue eyes.

Heredity and Punnett Squares

In order to figure out the possibility of a child having blue eyes despite having parents with brown eyes, we use Punnett squares. Punnett squares predict the possible combinations and probability of genes passing from parents to offspring. The lesson provides a diagram that details another example with eye color..

The gene for brown eyes is dominant (B) and is recessive for blue eyes (b). One parent has blue eyes and thus has a bb combination. The other has brown eyes but a gene for blue eyes, so their combination is Bb. The square highlights the combinations that would yield brown eyes and those that would yield blue. In this case, an offspring has a 50-50 chance of brown or blue eyes.

On the next page, the lesson provides another example using the plant model that Mendel used. The two flowers he used both had a dominant purple gene (P) and recessive white gene (w). Even though both parents had purple flowers, there was still a 25% chance an offspring would have white flowers instead.

Students will learn that sometimes mutations can occur in a DNA sequence in a chromosome. Such mutations can occur due to the effects of smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, or the environment. The cell itself might also have problems. The results of these factors can cause damage to the body and later pass on to a child. Some mutations can cause diseases to become predominant in families.

HEREDITY LESSON PLAN WORKSHEETS

The Heredity lesson plan includes three worksheets: an activity worksheet, a practice worksheet, and a homework assignment. Each one will help students solidify their grasp of the material they learned throughout the lesson. You can refer to the classroom procedure guidelines to know when to hand out each worksheet.

PUNNETT SQUARES ACTIVITY WORKSHEET

Students will complete Punnett squares for a series of scenarios. The worksheet provides a chart that students can use if they need help. Students should use capital letters for dominant traits and lowercase letters for recessive traits. For each scenario, students must write an explanation about the offspring of the parents.

HEREDITY PRACTICE WORKSHEET

The practice worksheet requires students to match definitions with the correct terms. There are 20 total definitions, and students will use the terms in the word bank on the right of the worksheet. You can decide whether or not you allow students to use the content pages for help to complete the assignment.

PUNNETT SQUARES HOMEWORK WORKSHEET

For the homework assignment, students will demonstrate their understanding of Punnett squares. First, they will complete Punnett squares for six traits. Then they must answer nine questions that relate to the completed squares. The last prompt asks them to list which traits are recessive and which are dominant.

Worksheet Answer Keys

The final pages of the lesson plan document are answer keys for the three worksheets. All the answers are in red to make it easy to compare students’ responses to the correct answers. Students responses will vary on the activity worksheet. If you choose to administer the lesson pages to your students via PDF, you will need to save a new file that omits these pages. Otherwise, you can simply print out the applicable pages and keep these as reference for yourself when grading assignments.

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